Chapter 15

Question 1

psychotherapy

Answer 1

1) a healing relationship between a client and a therapist
2) major goal is to change patterns of thought or behavior
3) psychodynamic therapies
4) humanistic therapies
5) cognitive and behavioral therapies

Question 2

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 2

1) increase client’s awareness of unconscious psychological processes (insight)
2) Freud
free association
dream analysis
transference
3) contemporary psycho dynamic therapy–ID recurring themes and patterns, discussing early trauma, focus on current relationships
4) controversies–little evidence for effectiveness, expensive and time-consuming

Question 3

humanistic therapies

Answer 3

1) an individual as a whole person not just a collection of thoughts and behavior
2) Client-centered therapy (Carl Rogers)–encourages individuals to fulfill their potential for personal growth through increased self-understanding (empathy, reflective listening, and unconditional positive regard)

Question 4

Behavioral Therapies

Answer 4

1) behavior therapy–behavior is learned (therefore can be unlearned)
employs classical and operant conditioning to modify behavior (aversive learning, token economy)
2) exposure techniques/ systematic desensitization

Question 5

Cognitive Therapies

Answer 5

1) Aaron Beck
2) distorted thoughts can produce maladaptive emotions and behaviors
3) cognitive restructuring–changing evaluation of a stimulus to reduce disorders
4) Rational emotive therapy–teaches individuals to identify, challenge and replace self-defeating thoughts with healthier thoughts that promote well-being
5) core irrational beliefs (ex. absolutism)

Question 6

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Answer 6

1) incorporates techniques from both cognitive and behavioral therapies, thought, emotion, behavior all influence disorder

Question 7

group therapy

Answer 7

1) uses various, theoretical approaches, often organized around themes
2) major advantages
builds social support
allows for learning from others’ experiences
less expensive than individual therapy

Question 8

family therapy

Answer 8

1) individual is part of a larger context (systems approach)

2) expressed emotion–pattern of negative actions by a client’s family members

Question 9

Psychotropic medications

Answer 9

1) medications that treat psychological disorders
anti-anxiety drugs
antidepressants
antipsychotics

Question 10

Antianxiety medications

Answer 10

1) tranquilizers, used for anti anxiety
2) ex Xanax, increases GABA activity, reduces anxiety and promotes relaxation, induces drowsiness and highly addictive
3) can treat mood disorders

Question 11

Antidepressants

Answer 11

1) used to treat depressive disorders
2) ex Prozac
3) can treat anxiety disorders

Question 12

Antipsychotics

Answer 12

1) used to treat schizophrenia
2) reduces symptoms like delusions and hallucinations
3) bind to dopamine receptors and block the effects of dopamine
4) serious side effects, can be irreversible (ex. tardive dyskinesia–face twitching)
5) can treat mood disorders

Question 13

alternative treatments

Answer 13

1) Electroconvulsive therapy (shock treatment)
2) transcranial magnetic stimulation (stimulation of left frontal region,, effective for depressive disorders, magnetic field disrupts neural function)
3) deep brain stimulation (Parkinson’s and OCD)

Question 14

effective treatments for anxiety disorders

Answer 14

1) cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
2) short-term: tranqs and antidepressants
3) phobias: systematic desensitization

Question 15

effective treatments for mood disorders

Answer 15

1) depressive disorders–CBT, antidepressants, alternative treatments
2) bipolar disorders–lithium (mood stabilizer), anticonvulsive medications

Question 16

effective treatments for schizophrenia

Answer 16

1) medications (atypical and typical) imperative

2) social skills training

Question 17

Effective treatments for personality disorders

Answer 17

1) dialectic behavior therapy (Marsha Linehan)
2) elements of cognitive and behavioral therapirs as well as mindfulness found in eastern therapies
three steps
1) target most extreme/dysfunctional behavior
2) explore traumatic experiences that may underlie emotional problems
3) develop self-respect and independent problem solving

Question 18

Treatment of childhood ADHD

Answer 18

1) Ritalin (cns stimulant)

2) behavioral therapy may be more effective, but intensive and time consuming

Question 19

treatment of childhood ASD

Answer 19

1) Applied behavioral analysis–treatment based on operant conditioning. Most effective when combined with symbolic play.