Chapter 5 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Sensation
sense organs detection and response to environmental data and the transmission of that data to the brain
path from sensation to perception
1) sensory coding–stimuli is translated into neural impulses (transduction) by sensory receptors
2) neurons transmit info to thalamus
3) thalamus designates info to certain parts of the cortex
4) perception happens at the cortex
qualitative information
1) basic qualities of a stimulus
quantitative information
degree or magnitude of a stimulus
Absolute threshold
minimum intensity required to experience a stimuli
difference threshold
minimum amount of change required for a person to experience a differenc between two stimuli
physical stimuli and sensory receptors, sensation to perception: vision
stimuli: light waves that pass though the cornea and are focused on the retina
receptors: rods and cones
transduction: rods and cones change light waves into signals that ganglion which generate action potentials that are sent to the brain by the optic nerve
Perception: signals from opticnerve reach thalamus and are sent to the visual cortex opposite f the corresponding visual field
stimuli, receptors, sensation to perception: hearing
stimuli: variations in air pressure that produe sound waves
receptors: vibrations in the inner ear cause pressure waves in the fluid of the inner ear
pathway to brain: aufitory nerve to primary auditory cortex
stimuli, receptors, sensation to perception: taste/gustation
stimuli:food molecules dissolve in liquid
receptors: taste buds
pathway to brain: cranial nerve to thalamus to brain
stimuli, receptors, sensation to perception: smell
stimuli: odorants pass into your nose and nasal cavity
receptors: olfactory receptors in olf. epithelum, which transmit signal to olfactory bulb
pathway to brain: olfactory nerve to areas fo the cortex and amygdala
stimuli, receptors, sensation to perception: touch
1) stimuli: skin (receptor)) registers temperature and pressure
2) 5tth cranial nerve (above neck) or spinal nerves (below the neck) through thalamus
Rods and Cones
rods: low level light and black and white pperception
cones: retinal cells that respon to higher levels f light and result in color perception
two theories of color perceptiion
trichromatic theory–color vision results from activity in three different types of cones
Opponent-Process theory–used to explain why some colors seem to be opposites
three different type of cones (trichromatic theory)
S- short wavelength vision (blue-violet light)
M–medium wavelength (yellow-green light)
L-Long wavelength (red-orange light)
Gestalt Principles of Object Perception
Gestalt psychology postulated a series of laws to explain how our brains group the perceive features of a visual scene into organized wholes
Figure and Ground
distinguishing between figure and ground
Reversible figure illusion
figure and ground switch back and forth
in identifying the “figure” the brain assigns the rest of the scene to the background
Principle of Proximity
the closer the two figures are to each other, the more likely we are to group them and see them as part of the same object
Principle of Similarity
We tend to group figures according to how closely they resemble each other
Good Continuation
tendency to interpret intersecting lines as continuous rather than as changing direction radically
Closure
tendency to complete figures that have gaps
illusory contours
we sometimes perceive contours and cues to depth even though they do not exist
Binocular Depth Cues
available from both eyes together, responsible for bottom up processing
Monocular Depth Cues
available from each eye alone, and provide organizational information for top down processing
