Chapter 4

Question 1

Why is Consciousness subjective?

Answer 1

1) it is an individual’s experience of the world
2) Awareness of one’s self and environment
3) limited by attention

Question 2

The Tong House/Face Study

Answer 2

1) Shows that type of awareness is related to which brain region processes the relative information

Question 3

Selective Attention

Answer 3

1) blocking out certain parts of the outside world to focus on another

Question 4

Change Blindness

Answer 4

1) Failure to notice large change’s in one’s environment

Question 5

Subliminal Perception

Answer 5

1) unconscious processing of information

Question 6

Automatic Processes

Answer 6

processes that are so well-learned we can do them without full attention

Question 7

Controlled Processes

Answer 7

processes that require full focus and attention

Question 8

Performance of Split Brain patients

Answer 8

right hemisphere does not speak or explain

left hemisphere does not command behavior?

Question 9

Priming

Answer 9

exposure of a stimulus that will unconsciously affect another outcome

Question 10

Sleep Stage 1

Answer 10

1) Theta waves

2) easily woken

Question 11

Sleep stage 2

Answer 11

1) Theta waves with occasional K Complexes (large waves of brain activity) and sleep spindles (short bursts of brain activity)

Question 12

Sleep Stage 3/4

Answer 12

1) Slow-wave sleep delta waves

Question 13

REM

Answer 13

Increased brain activity paired with bodily paralysis

beta waves

Question 14

Minimally Conscious state

Answer 14

1) showing some awareness of surroundings while in a coma

Question 15

coma

Answer 15

brain shuts body down and most brain processes to rest and recover

Question 16

Permanent Vegetative State

Answer 16

no brain activity and no chance of recovery

Question 17

brain death

Answer 17

complete and total loss of brain function

Question 18

insomnia

Answer 18

inability to sleep

Question 19

obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 19

throat closes during sleep

Question 20

narcolepsy

Answer 20

difficulty staying awake

Question 21

REM behavior disorder

Answer 21

lack of paralysis during REM sleep, causes acting out of dreams

Question 22

REM dreams

Answer 22

bizarre, increased activity in emotive areas of brain

Question 23

non-REM dreams

Answer 23

boring, little brain activity

Question 24

Activation Synthesis theory

Answer 24

Brain activity during sleep is completely random

Question 25

Hypnosis

Answer 25

1) A social interaction in which a person , responding to suggestions, experiences changes in memory, perception or voluntary action. 2) Evidence suggests that people with strong genetic traits of imagination are more easily hypnotized 3) hypnotic analgesia--using hypnosis to remedy pain. PAatients feel detached from the feelings of pain through reduction of brain activity in the areas of the brain responsible for processing pain.

Question 26

Stimulants

Answer 26

1) increase behavioral and mental activity 2) caffeine, nicotine, meth etc 3) Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Ach

Question 27

Depressants

Answer 27

1) decrease mental and behavioral activity 2) alcohol, anti-depressants 3) GABA

Question 28

Opiates/narcotics

Answer 28

1) reduce pain 2) morphine, heroin 3) endorphins

Question 29

Hallucinogens/psychedelics

Answer 29

1) alter thoughts and or perceptions 2) LSD, PCP, Peyote 3) Serotonin, glutamate

Question 30

Combo

Answer 30

1) Marijuana | 2) Serotonin, GABA, dopamine, cannabinoid, norepinephrine

Question 31

Addiction

Answer 31

1) continuing something after it becomes harmful to one's self 2) Insula--part of brain responsible for craving