chapter 16-17 autonomic nervous system

Question 1

two types of pathways

Answer 1

ascending and descending

Question 2

ascending tracts

Answer 2

conduct sensory impulses to brain

Question 3

descending tract

Answer 3

conduct motor impulses to brain

Question 4

ordered neurons involved in sensory pathway

Answer 4

1,2,3 order

Question 5

sensory ordered neuron that sends sensory info to the CNS

Answer 5

first order

Question 6

sensory ordered neuron that receives impulse first; spinal cord or brain stem

Answer 6

second order

Question 7

sensory ordered neuron that carries signal from thalamus to cerebral cortex

Answer 7

3rd order

Question 8

somatic motor pathways involve how many ordered neurons

Answer 8

1.2

Question 9

somatic motor neuron that is in CNS

Answer 9

first order neuron

Question 10

somatic motor neuron from CNS to effector

Answer 10

second order neuron

Question 11

autonomic motor neuron involves what neurons

Answer 11

first order, pre ganglion and post ganglion

Question 12

autonomic motor neuron in the CNS

Answer 12

first order

Question 13

autonomic motor neiron from CNS to peripheral ganglion

Answer 13

pre ganglion neuron

Question 14

autonomic motor neuron from ganglion to effector

Answer 14

post ganglion neuron

Question 15

ascending pathways

Answer 15

posterior column pathway, later spinothalamic, anterior spinothalamic, anterior spinocerebellar, posterior spinocerebellar

Question 16

ascending pathway which sides cross at medulla. sensory impulses from skin, muscle, tendons, joints– percieved as fine touch, pressure, body position

Answer 16

posterior column pathway

Question 17

ascending pathway which sides cross in spinal cord. sensation fo pain and temperature

Answer 17

spinothalamic pathway– lateral tract

Question 18

synapsing occur at spinothalamic pathway– lateral tract. where does it go through?

Answer 18

spine and thalamus. lateral white tract

Question 19

synapsing occur at posterior white column. where does it go through?

Answer 19

medulla and thalamus. posterior white column

Question 20

ascending pathway which sides cross in spinal cord. sensation of crude touch and pressure

Answer 20

spinothalamic pathway– anterior tract

Question 21

synapsing occuring at spinothalamic– anterior tract. where does it go

Answer 21

spine and thalamus. anterior white column

Question 22

ascending pathway that deal with the proprioception for fine coordination. no synapsing in the thalamus beuase it never makes it to the cortex– deals with subconscious processing

Answer 22

apinocerebellar pathway– anterior and lateral

Question 23

ascending tract of spinocerebellar pathway that does not cross in spinal cord

Answer 23

posterior tract of spinocerebellar pathway

Question 24

ascending tract of spinocerebellar pathway that does cross over in the spinal cord

Answer 24

anterior tract of spinocerebellar pathway

Question 25

descending pathway which controls involontary movements. generally direct-- upper motor neurons synapse onto lower motor neurons

Answer 25

corticospinal pathway

Question 26

descending pathway that synapse with cortex and spinal cord

Answer 26

corticospinal pathways

Question 27

types of corticospinal pathways

Answer 27

corticobulbar, lateral corticospinal, anterior corticospinal tracts

Question 28

types of descending corticospinal pathway that deals with motor cranial nerves and exits the medulla

Answer 28

corticobulbar tract

Question 29

type of descending corticospianl pathway that deals with motor spinal nerves and crosses over in the medulla

Answer 29

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 30

type of descending corticospinal pathway that deals with motor spinal nerves but does not cross over

Answer 30

anterior corticospinal tract

Question 31

type of descending pathway which stimulates and inhibits same lower motor neurons as corticospinal

Answer 31

medial pathway

Question 32

types of descending medial pathways

Answer 32

vestibulospinal, tectospinal, reticulospinal tracts

Question 33

descending medial pathway that deals with position and movement of the head

Answer 33

vestibulospinal tract

Question 34

descending medial pathway that deals with reflexive head movements

Answer 34

tectospinal tract

Question 35

descending medial pathway that deals with gross movements and muscle tone of trunks and proximal limb

Answer 35

reticulospinal tract

Question 36

descending pathways that deal with muscle tome and precise movements of distal upper limb. stimulate and inhibit same lower motor neurons as corticospinal

Answer 36

lateral pathway

Question 37

descending lateral pathway that starts in the red nucleus and crosses over. extends to cervical region of spinal cord. skeletal muscle of distal upper limb

Answer 37

rubrospinal tracts

Question 38

system that functions continuously and independently. no conscious effort needed and controls visceral activities-- HR BP breathing

Answer 38

autonomic nervous system

Question 39

difference between autonomic and somatic

Answer 39

autonomic - two motor neurons (more synapse and ganglion) and somatic- one peripheral motor neuron( no peripheral synapse or ganglion)

Question 40

autonomic nerve fibers (2)

Answer 40

post ganglion neuron and pre ganglion neuron

Question 41

autonomic nerve fiber-- soma in the CNS, axon leaves CNS and forms synapse in autonomic ganglia

Answer 41

pre ganglion neuron

Question 42

autonomic nerve fiber-- soma is autonomic ganglion and axon goes to visceral effector

Answer 42

post ganglion neuron

Question 43

2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 43

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 44

division of the autonomic nervous system that deals with stressful situations

Answer 44

sympathetic nervous system

Question 45

division of the autonomic nervous system that deals with restoring body to restful state

Answer 45

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 46

where does the preganglionic fibers originate in sympathetic nervous system. where is soma?

Answer 46

thoracic and lumbar region (T1- L1). soma is in CNS

Question 47

sympathetic ganglia =

Answer 47

chain ganglia and collateral ganglia

Question 48

part of sympathetic ganglia-- a sequence of ganglia running parallel to spinal column on either side

Answer 48

chain of ganglia

Question 49

part of sympathetic ganglia-- found in other parts of body. area for synapsing

Answer 49

collateral ganglia

Question 50

sympathetic chain ganglia in the body

Answer 50

``` 3 cervical 12 thoracic 2-5 lumbar 4-5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```

Question 51

what is the chain of ganglia innervated by

Answer 51

presynaptic fibers from nerves T1- L1

Question 52

preganglionic fibers leave _____ and enter chain via the ________

Answer 52

leave spinal nerve and enter white ramus

Question 53

3 possible paths of preganglionic fibers leaving

Answer 53

1. synapse with ganglia with the point where they enter 2. travel through chain to synapse with another ganglia 3. pass through and go directly to collaterals ganglia or adrenal gland

Question 54

post ganglia exit via _____ to spinal nerve then to the _______ OR via ____ to ______

Answer 54

grey ramus; effector | sympathetic nerve; effector

Question 55

process of collateral ganglia

Answer 55

presynaptic fibers go straight through chain ganglia without synapsing 2. synapse with post ganglionic fiber in collateral ganglia 3. post synaptic fibers usually go to abdominal viscera

Question 56

major collateral ganglia

Answer 56

celiac super mesenteric inferior mesenteric

Question 57

modified collateral ganglia. preganglionic fibers go straight through the chain and collaterals to get to it. enter straight into the medulla of the adrenal gland

Answer 57

adrenal medullae

Question 58

modified post synaptic fibers into glandualr cells

Answer 58

chromaffin cells

Question 59

adrenal medullae allows for the stimulation of hormones _____ and _____

Answer 59

norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 60

sympathetic activation involve what NT-- first one, second one

Answer 60

ACh and norepinephrine

Question 61

what receptor picks up ACh in sympatetic activation. function?

Answer 61

nicotinic receptors. stimulate post ganglionic neuron or adrenal medullae

Question 62

what receptor picks up norepinepherine in sympathetic activation. function ?

Answer 62

adrenergenic receptor. stimulate target tissues

Question 63

effects of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 63

inc alterness, energy euphoria, excite cardiovascular and resp centers, inc muscle tone, mobilization energy

Question 64

parasympathetic system

Answer 64

originates from neurons in midbrain, pons, medulla, and saccral region of spinal cord. exits CNS via cranial nerve 3, 7, 9, 10 and saccral 2-4

Question 65

preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic do

Answer 65

cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 go to ganglia near target organs. cranial berve 10 and saccral converge to plexuses, exit plexus and to target organ

Question 66

post ganglionic fibers of parasympathetic do

Answer 66

close to within target organs. effects of system more direct and localized

Question 67

NT released during parasympathetic activation

Answer 67

ACh

Question 68

receptor used to pick up ACh

Answer 68

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. nico used to stim post ganglionic neurons and musc used to stimulate target tissues

Question 69

used to clean up ACh

Answer 69

acetocholinesterase