CHapter 8 Appendicular

Question 1

holds bone together but may not permit movement. has point of contact between bone-bone, bone-cartilage, tooth-bone

Answer 1

joints

Question 2

study of joints

Answer 2

arthrology

Question 3

study of motion

Answer 3

kinesiology

Question 4

joint that lacks synovial cavity. bones held together by fibrous dense connective tissue. little to no movement. 3 types

Answer 4

fibrous joints

Question 5

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 5

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Question 6

thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull. synarthrosis. if fused in adults = synostosis

Answer 6

sutures

Question 7

fibrous joint. bones united by ligament. slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis). dense regular CT

Answer 7

syndesmosis

Question 8

ligament holds cone-shaped peg in bony socket. immovable (synarthrosis). Ex teeth and alveolar processes of maxilla

Answer 8

gomphosis

Question 9

lacks synovial cavity
allows little to no movement
bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
2 types

Answer 9

cartilage joints

Question 10

two types of cartilage joints

Answer 10

synchondroses and symphyses

Question 11

connecting material = hyaline cartilage
snyarthrosis
hyaline between 2 types of bone tissue
epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum 
when fusion occurs it becomes synostosis

Answer 11

synchondrosis

Question 12

growth of bone and endochondrial ossification catches up with growth of cartilage and everything grows together

Answer 12

synostosis

Question 13

fibrocartilage is connecting material
amphiarthroses
intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

Answer 13

symphysis

Question 14

features of synovial joint

Answer 14

separated by fluid filled cavity; two layers (synovial membrane and articular cartilage); synovial fluid

Question 15

function of synovial fluid

Answer 15

lubricate the joints, nourish chondrocytes, shock absorber

Question 16

reinforces and strengthens joint capsule. connects bone to bone with dense regular CT

Answer 16

ligaments

Question 17

synovial joint ligament type– outside joint capsule. ex: collaterals

Answer 17

extracapsular ligament

Question 18

synovial joint ligament type– within the capsule. ex: cruciates

Answer 18

intracapsular ligament

Question 19

pads of fibrous cartilage that subdivides a cavity. also known as menisci. ex: ulnolunate joint; knee joint

Answer 19

articular discs of synovial joint

Question 20

function of articular discs of synovial joint

Answer 20

channel fluid of synovial fluid, modify articular surfaces; restrict movements at joint; cushion articulating surfaces; help to distribute body weight

Question 21

adipose tissue surrounding the synovial capsule

Answer 21

fat pads of synovial joint

Question 22

function of fat pads of synovial joint

Answer 22

protects articular cartilage, packing material, fills spaces when joint changes shape

Question 23

small fluid filled pockets of connective tissue

found in hypodermis between tendons/ ligaments and bones

Answer 23

bursae of synovial joint

Question 24

function of bursa in synovial joint

Answer 24

cushion and support, aid movement of tendons; stop friction

Question 25

type of movement- two opposing surfaces slide past one another

Answer 25

gliding

Question 26

a change in angle between the shaft and the articular surface

Answer 26

angular movement

Question 27

a type of angular motion-- rotation around the shaft while changing the angle

Answer 27

circumduction

Question 28

spinning of the shaft without changing the angle

Answer 28

rotation

Question 29

type of angular movement-- moving away from the midline

Answer 29

abduction

Question 30

type of angular movement-- moving toward the midline

Answer 30

adduction

Question 31

increasing the angle

Answer 31

extension

Question 32

decreasing the angle

Answer 32

flexion

Question 33

increasing angle beyond normal

Answer 33

hyperextension

Question 34

- bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved. - side to side movement only - rotation prevented by ligaments ex: intercarpal and intertarsal joints

Answer 34

plane joint

Question 35

- convex surface of one bones fits into concave surface of 2nd bone - uniaxial - ex: knee, elbow - flexion, extension and hyperextension

Answer 35

hinge joint

Question 36

- rounded surface of bone articulations with ring formed by 2nd bone and ligament - uniaxial-- allows only rotation around longitudinal axis - ex: proximal radioulnar joint - supination, pronation, turning head

Answer 36

pivot joint

Question 37

intervertebral articulation-- vertebrae articulate at superior and inferior articular processes - plane joint - restricts lateral movement

Answer 37

zygapophysial

Question 38

allows flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation | - 2 types: anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

Answer 38

discs

Question 39

part of discs within the vertebrae-- fibrocartilage of discs

Answer 39

anulus fibrosus

Question 40

jelly like packaging found on inside of discs

Answer 40

nucleus pulposus

Question 41

"slipped disc. nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus-- caused when too much, uneven pressure is added onto the disc-- movements of vertebral column compresses nucleus

Answer 41

herniated disc

Question 42

glenohumeral joint-- head of humerus meets glenoid cavity. glenoid cavity covered by glenoid labrum

Answer 42

shoulder

Question 43

a ring of dense irregular connective tissue attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity

Answer 43

glenoid labrum

Question 44

oval shaped projection fits into oval depression. biaxial (flexion/extension, adduction/abduction). EX: wrist and metacarpals

Answer 44

condylar joint

Question 45

one bone saddled-shaped other bone fits into it. biaxial-- circumduction allows thumb to travel in a circle. opposition allows tip of thumb to touch other tip of other finger EX: trapezium or carpus and metacarpal of thumb

Answer 45

saddle joint

Question 46

ball fitting into a cuplike depression. Multiaxial (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation) EX: shoulder joint and hip joint

Answer 46

ball and socket joint

Question 47

modified hinge joint. between condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa. condyles slide back and forth along joint socket. 2 synovial joints

Answer 47

temporomandibular joint

Question 48

tibiofemoral joint-- hinge (flexion/ extension, some rotation) & patellofemoral joint (plane-- gliding)

Answer 48

knee joint

Question 49

ankle joints (3)

Answer 49

tibiotalar, tibiofibular, fibulotalar

Question 50

what movement is ankle joint involved in

Answer 50

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Question 51

foot joints

Answer 51

intertarsal, tarsometatarsal,metatarsalphalangeal, interphalangeal

Question 52

plane joints between tarsals

Answer 52

intertarsal foot joint

Question 53

plane joints between tarsals and metatarsals

Answer 53

tarsometatarsal foot joint

Question 54

condylar joints between metatarsals and digits

Answer 54

metatarsophalangeal foot joint

Question 55

hinge joint in digits

Answer 55

interphalangeal

Question 56

involves two joints: humerus and uluna (hinge)-- flexion and tension; and ulna and radius (pivot)-- pronation and supination

Answer 56

elbow

Question 57

radiocarpal joint, intercarpal joint, and carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalengeal, interphalangeal joints involved in

Answer 57

wrist and hand joints

Question 58

radius and 3 proximal carpals-- involve flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

Answer 58

radicarpal joint of wrist and hand

Question 59

plane joint in wrist and hand

Answer 59

intercarpal joints

Question 60

thumb (saddle) and other digits (plane) of wrist and hand

Answer 60

carpometacarpal joints

Question 61

hand to fingers (condylar)-- adduction/abduction and flexion/extension in wrist and hand

Answer 61

metacarpophalengeal joint

Question 62

fingers (hinge)-- felxion extension. in the hand and wrist

Answer 62

interphalangeal joints

Question 63

femoral head meets acetabulum of pelvs ball and socket labrum extends the size of the acetabulum

Answer 63

hip joint