CHapter 23-Lymph

Question 1

function of the lymph system

Answer 1

• produce, maintain, and distribute lymph
• maintain normal blood and interstitial fluid volume
• alternate route for the transport of materials: nutrients, hormones, waste

Question 2

fluid that lymph vessels transport from tissues to the venous system

Answer 2

lymph

Question 3

the lymohatic system is made up of?

Answer 3

a system of lymph vessels

Question 4

location of vessels

Answer 4

most tissues

Question 5

where are lymph vessels absent in

Answer 5

avascular tissue and CNS

Question 6

a fluid connective tissue that only occurs within the lymphatic vessels

Answer 6

lymph

Question 7

where is lymph derived from

Answer 7

interstitual fluid, lymphocytes, macrophages

Question 8

origin of lymph from

Answer 8

plasma with the interstitual fluid

Question 9

what is the make up of the plasma that lymph is derived from

Answer 9

water and dissolved materials that leak out of capillaries due to diffusion and filtration
- fluid that lacks proteins and has a lower O2

Question 10

when is intersitual fluid considered lymph

Answer 10

when it has moved into the lymphatic capillaries

Question 11

closed end tubes in the interstitual spaces that form networks. made up of a single layer of simple squamous cells with incomplete basal lamina.
-fenestrated

Answer 11

lymphatic capillaries

Question 12

how do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries

Answer 12

• larger diameter
• thinner walls
• flat and irregular
• have anchoring filaments that keep the passage open
• overlapping endothelial cells

Question 13

formation of lymph

Answer 13

• interstitual fluid enters capillaries
• overlapping cells function as one way valves
• moves through fenestrations
• Large things such as viruses and debris follow

Question 14

merging of lymph capillaries. similar to veins. merge to form trunks. travel with arteries of the same size

Answer 14

medium lymph vessels

Question 15

tissue make up of medium sized lymphatic vessels

Answer 15

interna
media
adventitia
valves

Question 16

named for the regions of where they are located. place where medium lymph vessels dump lymph

Answer 16

lymphatic trunks

Question 17

trunks drain into this. have two– thoracic and right lymphatic. deliver lymph to circulation at subclavians

Answer 17

lymphatic ducts

Question 18

how does lymph get back into venous circulation

Answer 18

lymphatic ducts– reintroduced to blood stream and becomes part of plasma and is recirculated

Question 19

thoracic duct that drains lower body; left arm, body, and neck

Answer 19

throacic duct

Question 20

route of the thoracic duct

Answer 20

• cisterna chyli
  through the diaphragm
  ascends in front of vetebral column
  empties into left subclavian

Question 21

lymphatic duct that drains the right side of head, neck,, and right arm

Answer 21

right lymphatic duct

Question 22

route of the right lymphatic duct

Answer 22

starts at right thorax and to the right subclavian vein

Question 23

special thing about the thoracic ducts

Answer 23

unevenly drains fluid from the body:

• thoracic does the majority
• thoracic is much larger and drains the entire inferior half of the body

Question 24

movement of lymph– valves

Answer 24

occurs in bulges

prevent backflow

Question 25

how is lymph moved

Answer 25

with valves-- pressure of lymph is less than veins-- moved through skeletal muscles and breathing

Question 26

when drainage of lymph does not occur

Answer 26

lymphedema

Question 27

primary cells of the lymphoid system. allow for specific immunity or adaptive immunity

Answer 27

lymphocytes

Question 28

multi-faced immune response to the detection of specific foreign antigens

Answer 28

specific immunity

Question 29

type of lymphocyte derived directly from bone marrow - involves NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY - detects chemical signals other than specific antigens and induce apoptosis

Answer 29

NK cells (natural killer cells)

Question 30

type of lymphocyte that originates and developes in the bone marrow - stimulated by an antigen to produce antibodies - can survive for years as a memory cell and become active once exposed to a similar antigen

Answer 30

B cell

Question 31

type of lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but developes in the thymus - attack cells with antigens indicating viral infection or detrimental mutations - induce apoptosis - have memory cells similar to B cells

Answer 31

T cells

Question 32

reticular connective tissue dominated by lymphocytes. NOT organs, made up of mucosa associate lymphoid tissue. digestive lymph nodules

Answer 32

lymphoid nodules

Question 33

MALT tissues

Answer 33

tonsils, aggregated lymphoid nodules, and appendix

Question 34

part of MALT that is positioned around the pharynx. removes pathogens that enter via the air or food. three types: pharyngeal, palatine, lingual

Answer 34

tonsils

Question 35

MALT tonsils that is located in the nasopharynx-- one nodule

Answer 35

pharyngeal tonsil

Question 36

MALT tonsil located in the soft palate-- two nodules

Answer 36

palatine tonsil

Question 37

MALT tonsil located at the base of the tongue-- two nodules

Answer 37

lingual tonsil

Question 38

part of MALT that lines the mucosa of the small intestines

Answer 38

aggregated lymphoid nodules

Question 39

part of MALT that bind tubes at the beginning of the large intestines-- very prone to infections

Answer 39

appendix

Question 40

surrounded by a fibrous, connective tissue capsule within the lymphatic system-- involve lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

Answer 40

lymphatic organ

Question 41

bean shaped lymphatic organ that is between several afferent and one efferent vessel. has a hilus

Answer 41

lymph nodes

Question 42

found within lymph modes. indented region where BVs nerves and efferent lymph vessels connect

Answer 42

hilus

Question 43

part of lymph nodes-- capusle that has trabeculae that subdivide it. has two regions: inner and outer cortex

Answer 43

cortex

Question 44

regions of the cortex

Answer 44

inner and outer cortex

Question 45

part of the cortex that consists of aggregated B cells

Answer 45

outer cortex

Question 46

part of the cortex that allow T cells to enter the blood

Answer 46

inner cortex

Question 47

part of the cortex of lymph nodes that have B cells leave through the efferent vessel

Answer 47

medulla

Question 48

found on the left side of the stomach. largest lymphatic organ. contains white and red pulp.

Answer 48

spleen

Question 49

found in the spleen. resembles lymph nodes

Answer 49

white pulp

Question 50

found in the spleen. contains large amounts of RBCs. has sinuses, macrophages, T and B cells

Answer 50

red pulp

Question 51

function of the spleen

Answer 51

``` remove old RBC store and recycle iron intiate immune response blood resivour RBC production in fetus ```

Question 52

in mediastinum. - first lymph organ to develope-- grows until puberty and shrinks with age; replaced with fibrous and adipose tissue - 2 lobes: cortex and medulla

Answer 52

thymus

Question 53

part of the thymus-- mostly made up of T cells

Answer 53

cortex of thymus

Question 54

part of the thymus-- mostly reticular epithelial cells

Answer 54

medulla of thymus

Question 55

cortex produces these cells. mature and migrate into medulla. enter blood vessels and go into circulation

Answer 55

T cells of thymus

Question 56

produce thymosin. promote T cells differentiation

Answer 56

reticular cells of the thymus