Chapter 27- reproductive system Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
function of reproductive system
A
- Produce some reproductive hormones - Produce gametes
- Facilitate fertilization
- Provide nutrients and gestate fetus
- Provide nutrients for newborn
2
Q
function of male reproductive system
A
- Produce & maintain gametes
- Transport gametes into female for fertilization
- Secrete sex hormones
3
Q
suspended by spermatic cord within the scrotum.
- produce sperm
- produce male sexx hormones
A
testes
4
Q
male sex hormones
A
androgens– testosterone
5
Q
actions of testosterone
A
fetal developement:
- stimulate formation of reproductive organs
- stimulate descent of testis
puberty: - stim developemnt of secondary sex characteristics
- inc cellular metabolism
- inc production of RBC
- stimulate sexual activity
6
Q
Pouch of skin inferior to perineum
- Each testis occupies a scrotal cavity
A
scrotum
7
Q
parts of the scrotum
A
tunica vaginalis, dartos muscle, cremaster muscle
8
Q
part of the scrotum that is Serous membrane surrounding each testis
A
tunica vaginalis
9
Q
part of the scrotum– wrinking of the scrotum
A
dartos muscle
10
Q
part of the scrotum– Elevation of testes closer to body and Keeps them at lower temperature
A
cremaster muscle
11
Q
vessel that extends through the inguinal canal
A
spermatic cord
12
Q
parts of the spermatic cord
A
- Ductus deferens
- Gentiofemoral nerve
- Differential artery
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform veins
13
Q
lobules– compartments that house…?
A
seminiferous tubules
14
Q
lobules seperated from one another by
A
tunica albuginea
15
Q
each lobules straightens into
A
straight tubule
16
Q
straight tubules meet at a maze called
A
rete testis
17
Q
found inbetween the tubules and produce testosterone
A
interstitual cells
18
Q
The process where sperm cells are made which occurs in the seminiferous tubules
- Meiosis occurs midway throughout this process: Results in haploid sperm
A
spermatogenesis
19
Q
Stimulated by FSH and testosterone. support the growth of sperm and maintain blood testes barrier. produce the hormone inhibin (represses FSH)
A
nurse cells
20
Q
stages of spermatogenesis
A
- Spermatogonia
- Primary spermatocyte
- Secondary spermatocyte
- Spermatid
- Spermatozoa
21
Q
structure of a sperm
A
head– acrosome
neck
middle piece
tail
22
Q
part of the head of the perm. vesicular compartment containing enzymes to penetrate oocytes
A
acrosome
23
Q
part of the structure of a sperm that contains many mitchondria
A
middle piece
24
Q
structure of a sperm that is a flagella
A
tail
25
Lies on posterior boarder of testes
| Has a Head, Body, tail
epididymis
26
function of the epididymis
- Spermatozoa go from testes directly to epididymis
- Recycles damaged spermatozoa
- Stores spermatozoa and matures them
27
Moves out of scrotum and around bladder posterior. Enlarges at the base. Merges with the seminal vesicles
ductus deferens
28
base of the ductus deferens
ampulla
29
where peristalsis may occur
base of vas deferns
30
where the vas deferens merges with seminal vessicle to form
ejactulatory duct
31
First of three glands that contribute to semen. Posterior to bladder. causes sperm to become mobile
seminal vesicles
32
Muscular, rounded organ, 4 cm diameter. Inferior to bladder .Surrounds urethra. Secretes Antibiotic and seminalplasmin
prostate gland
33
Found in the urogenital diaphragm. Secrete thick, alkaline mucus
bulbourethral
34
Made of two sets of erectile tissue: corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum. both tissues fill with blood to achieve erection due to parasympatheitis stimulation
penis
35
erectile tissue of the penis that is two cylindrical masses with a central artery
corpora cavernosum
36
erectile tissue of the penis that is one mass that houses the urethra
corpus spongiosum
37
parts of the penis
root, body, glans
38
part of penis -- Corpora cavernosa that extends to the ischial rami
root
39
part of the penis-- tubular and consists of all erectile tissues
body
40
part of the penis-- enlarges, distal portion of corpus spongiosum that is covered by a flap of called the prepuce
glans
41
flap of skin that covers the glans
prepuce
42
3 parts of the urethra
prostatic, membranous and spongy urethra
43
part of urethra that runs through prostate
prostatic urethra
44
part of the urethra through urogenital diaphragm
membranous urethra
45
part of the urethra that goes through corpus spongiosum and exits at external urethral orifice
spongy urethra
46
functions of female reproductive system
- Produce & maintain sex cells
- Transport sex cells to site of fertilization
- Provide favorable environment for developing offspring
- Move offspring to outside
- Produce female sex hormones
47
ligament that encloses superior internal structures
broad ligament
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ligament that cinnects ovary to uterus
ovarian ligament
49
ligament that connects ovary to pelvic wall
suspensory ligament
50
ligament that connects inferior uterus to sacrum
uterosacral ligament
51
- Paired organs at the lateral walls of pelvic cavity
- Receive blood from ovarian arteries and veins
- Covered by
Germinal epithelium and Tunica albuginea
- House the gametes
ovaries
52
egg development that occurs throughout a females life
oogenesis
53
1. Oogonium- Develops before birth
2. Primary Oocyte- Develops before birth
3. Secondary Oocyte- Develops just before ovulation
4. Ovum- Occurs only during fertilization
oogenesis
54
uterine tubes
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
55
expanded end of the uterine tube. contains the fimbriae
infundibulum
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fingerlike projection of the infundibulum
fimbriae
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intermediate portion of the uterine tube
ampulla
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narrow section of the uterine tubes
isthmus
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Consist of smooth muscle and ciliated epithelium. Cilia beat when ovulation occurs. Oocyte has a 3-4 day trip
uterine tube
60
when must fertilization occur
within the first half of the 3-4 day trip of the oocyte within the uterine tube
61
small and pear shaped. sits on top of the bladder
uterus
62
major sections of the uterus
fundus, body, cervix
63
part of the body of the uterus
uterine cavity
64
part of the cerix
internal os, cervical canal, external os
65
layers of the uterine wall
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
66
incomplete outer visceral peritoneum
perimetrium
67
muscular layer of the uterine wall. 1,5 m thick
myometrium
68
glandular inner layer of the uterine wall
endometrium
69
2 parts of the glandular inner layer of the uterine wall
functional layer and basilar layer
70
which layer shed and which survives during menses
functional shed and basil survives
71
uterine cycle
1. menes
2. proliferation
3. secretory
72
- Caused by a drop in estrogen and progesterone due to the corpus albicans
- Arteries constrict
- Secretory tissues and glands begin to die
- Functional layer is sloughed off
menes phase
73
- Caused by the production of estrogen by the follicle
- Basal epithelium multiplies
- Glands regrow
- Lasts until ovulation
proliferation phase
74
- Caused by progesterone and estrogen released by the corpus luteum
- Endometrial glands enlarge
- Arterial elongation
- Peaks at 12 days after ovulation:
Will persist with pregnancy and Will deteriorate when corpus albicans occurs
secretory phase
75
made of stratified squamous epithelium, smooth muscle, elastic fibers. contains rugae. the cervix projects into the vaginal canal. Exits to the outside
vagina
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an epithelial fold that partially blocks the entrance
hymen
77
function of the vagina
- Passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids
- Receive penis and hold spermatozoa
- Lower portion of the birth canal
78
the external genital area
vulva
79
Smooth, hairless, skin flaps surrounding the vestibule, which contains the urethral opening and the vaginal entrance
labia minora
80
erectile tissue that is surrounded by a prepuce.
clitoris
81
the outer vulva is made up by the fleshy
mons pubis and labia majora
82
found within pectoral fat pads in the subcutaneous tissue. supported by supensory ligaments
mammary glands
83
produce milk
lobes of the mammary glands
84
where does the milk travel; stored
through the lactiferous ducts; travels through lactiferous sinuses
