Flashcards in Chapter 18 - The endocrine System Deck (85)
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1
The inner zone of the adrenal cortex, consisting of cords of branching cells that secrete sex hormones, chiefly androgens
Zona Reticularis
2
Substance that inhibits urine formations
Antidiuretic
3
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that initiates and maintains milk secretion by the mammary glands
Prolactin
4
A membrane-associated lipid; released in small quantities and acts as a local hormone
Prostaglandin
5
a group of hormones of the adrenal cortex that help sodium and potassium balance
Mineralocorticoids
6
Underactivity of glands resulting in diminished secretion
Hyposecretion
7
The effect produced upon stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Fight or flight response
8
A gland that secretes its products into ducts that carry the secretions into the body cavities, into the lumen of an organ, or to the outer surface of the body
Exocrine gland
9
A cell in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) that secretes pancreatic polypeptide
F cell
10
a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the dispersion of melanin granules in melanocytes in amphibians; continued administration produces darkening of skin in humans
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
11
An outgrowth of ectoderm located on the floor of the hypothalamus that gives rise to the posterior pituitary
Neurohypophyseal bud
12
A hormonal interaction in which the effects of two or more hormones acting together is greater or more extensive than the sum of each hormone acting alone.
Synergistic effect
13
The middle zone of the adrenal cortex consisting of cells arranged in long, straight cords that secrete glucocorticoid hormones, mainly cortisol
Zona fasciculata
14
Masculinizing sex hormones produced by the testes in males and the adrenal cortex in both sexes; responsible for libido (sexual desire); the main androgens are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
Androgens
15
A neuron that secretes a hypothalamic releasing hormone or inhibiting hormone into blood capillaries of the hypothalamus; a neuron that secretes oxytocin or antidiuretic hormone into blood capillaries of the posterior pituitary
Neurosecretory cell
16
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Also called the neurohypophysis
Posterior pituitary
17
A hormone whose target is another endocrine gland
Tropic hormone
18
A portion of the diencephalon, lying beneath the thalamus and forming the floor and part of the wall of the third ventricle
Hypothalamus
19
Hypophysis
Pituitary gland
20
the science concerned with the structure and functions of endocrine glands and the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine system.
Endocrinology
21
A mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys and potassium excretion in urine
Aldosterone
22
A secretion of endocrine cells that alters the physiological activity of target cells of the body
Hormone
23
Receptor in the hypothalamus that is sensitive to changes in blood osmolarity and, in response to high osmolarity (low water concentration), stimulates synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Osmoreceptor
24
An enlarged thyroid gland
Goiter
25
Supporting cell of the posterior pituitary
Pituicyte
26
A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, growth and development, and the activity of the nervous system
Thyroxine
27
A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that produces actions similar to those that result from sympathetic stimulation. Also called noradrenaline.
Norepinephrine
28
A hormone produced by the beta cells of a pancreatic islet (islet of Langerhans) that decreases the blood glucose level
Insulin
29
A narrow strip of tissue or narrow passage connecting two larger parts
Isthmus
30
