Flashcards in Chapter 19-The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Deck (65)
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1
Requiring molecular oxygen
Aerobic
2
A pain in the chest related to reduced coronary circulation due to coronary artery disease (CAD) or spasms of vascular smooth muscle in coronary arteries
Angina pectoris
3
The pointed end of a conical structure
Apex
4
An irregular heart rhythm
Arrhythmia
5
Group of diseases characterized by thickening of the walls of arteries and loss of elasticity
Arteriosclerosis
6
A lesion that results from accumulated cholesterol and smooth muscle fibers (cells) of the tunica media of an artery; may become obstructive
Atherosclerotic plaque
7
Asynchronous contraction of cardiac muscle fibers in the atria that results in the cessation of atrial pumping
Atrial fibrillation
8
The part of the conduction system of the heart that begins at the atrioventricular (AV) node, passes through the cardiac skeleton separating the atria and the ventricles, then extends a short distance down the interventricular septum before splitting into right and left bundle branches. Also called the bundle of His (HISS)
Atrioventricular bundle
9
The part of the conduction system of the heart made up of a compact mass of conducting cells located in the septum between the two atria
Atrioventricular node
10
A heart valve made up of membranous flaps of cusps that allows blood to flow in one direction only, from an atrium into a ventricle
Atrioventricular valve
11
A superior chamber of the heart
Atrium
12
Examination by listening to sounds in the body
Ausculation
13
Neuron capable of responding to changes in blood, air, or fluid pressure
Barrorecpetor or pressorreceptor
14
Atrioventricular (AV) valve on the left side of the heart
Bicuspid valve or mitral valve
15
A slow resting heart or pulse rate (under 50 beats per minute)
Bradycardia
16
A complete heartbeat consisting of systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of both atria plus systole and diastole of both ventricles
Cardiac cycle
17
A group of mesodermal cells in the head end of an embryo that gives rise to the heart
Cardiogenic area
18
The study of the heart and diseases associated with it
Cardiology
19
Groups of neurons scattered within the medulla oblongata that regulate heart rate, force of contraction, and blood vessel diameter
Cardiovascular center
20
Sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific chemical
Chemoreceptor
21
Tendonlike, fibrous cords that connect atrioventricular valves of the heart with papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae
22
A congential heart defect in which a segment of the aorta is too narrow. As a result, the flow of oxygenated blood to the body is reduced, the left ventricle is forced to pump harder, and high blood pressure develops
Coarctation of the aorta
23
The alternate route taken by blood through a anastomosis
Collateral circulation
24
A group of autorhythmic cardiac muscle fibers that generates and distributes electrical impulses to stimulate coordinated contraction of the heart chambers; includes the sinoatrial (SA) node, the atrioventricular (AV) bundle, the right and left bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers
Conduction system
25
The ability of cells or parts of cells to actively generate force to undergo shortening for movements. Muscle fibers (cells) exhibit a high degree of this
Contractility
26
A condition such as atherosclerosis that causes narrowing of coronary arteries so that blood flow to the heart is reduced. The result is coronary heart disease (CHD), in which the heart muscle receives inadequate blood flow due to an interruption of its blood supply
Coronary artery disease
27
The pathway followed by the blood from the ascending aorta through the blood vessels supplying the heart and returning to the right atrium
Coronary circulation or cardiac circulation
28
A wide venous channel on the posterior surface of the heart that collects the blood from the coronary circulation and returns it to the right atrium
Coronary sinus
29
In the cardiac cycle, the phase of relaxation or dilation of the heart muscle, especially of the ventricles
Diastole
30
