Chapter 2

Question 1

In ____ research, a researcher observers or measures ( without manipulating ) two or more variables to find relationships between them, without inferring a casual relationship.

Answer 1

Correlational

Question 2

In an experiment to determine if listening to music affects how well students perform on a test, the independent variable of this study is ______ .

Answer 2

Music

Question 3

Data from many studies have been compiled, and researchers have developed a(n) _________ to explain their results.

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

In an experiment studying whether eating sugar influences children’s ability to focus their attention on a problem-solving task, the group of children given sugar is referred as the ______.

Answer 4

Experimental group

Question 5

In a study of student conformity, researchers selected a group of college students who appeared to represent the characteristics of students from the entire college campus. The selected group served as the ______ of the college _________ .

Answer 5

Sample; Population

Question 6

Ethnocentrism in research refers to ____ .

Answer 6

The belief that a typical behavior in one’s culture is typical of all cultures.

Question 7

The control group in an experiment is the group in which participants _____ .

Answer 7

receive no treatment

Question 8

Students were divided into two groups. In one group students were ignored when they talked without raising their hands. In the other group students were attended in the teacher’s usual manner. The independent variable in this experiment was ___ .

Answer 8

initial levels of talking

Question 9

A researchers would use ______ research, if they were interested in determining whether listening to subliminal advertising causes an increase in sales of products.

Answer 9

Experimental

Question 10

_____ are manipulated; ____ are measured.

Answer 10

Independent variables; Dependent variables

Question 11

A hypothesis is a ______ .

Answer 11

Specific prediction about how one variable is related to another.

Question 12

In an experiment studying the effects of alcohol on memory, the group of participants not given alcohol is referred to as them _____ .

Answer 12

Control group

Question 13

In an experiment to determine if rewards will increase recycling efforts on campus, the dependent variable is _____ .

Answer 13

The amount of recycling done by students and faculty on campus.

Question 14

The BEST definition of an experiment is ______ .

Answer 14

a carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a casual effect on other variables.

Question 15

Cause-and-effect conclusions can be drawn from _____ studies.

Answer 15

Experimental

Question 16

The experimental group in an experiment is the group in which the participants _____.

Answer 16

Receive the IV or the treatment.

Question 17

One of the BEST ways to deal with ethnocentrism in scientific research is to _______.

Answer 17

Use cross-cultural sampling

Question 18

_____ are factors that are not being directly manipulated or measured, which could affect research results if they are not held constant.

Answer 18

Random variables

Question 19

What stage of the scientific method will someone be at if they make a prediction that drinking alcohol will make people more violent during a sporting event

Answer 19

Forming a testable hypothesis

Question 20

In experiments, ______ variables are selected and manipulated by the experimenter.

Answer 20

Controlled