chapter 6

Question 1

If wartime propaganda depicts the enemy as ugly, cruel, and somewhat less than human, then this type of propaganda would create _____ toward the enemy.

Answer 1

b. a negative conditioned emotional response Correct

Question 2

Extinction _____.

Answer 2

c. a and b Correct

Question 3

In Pavlov’s original classical conditioning experiments, the _____ was the neutral stimulus, the _____ was the stimulus that would elicit a reflex, and _____ was the reflexive response.

Answer 3

d. tone; meat powder; salivation Correct

Question 4

A couple broke up several years ago and no longer feels any romantic feelings toward one another. However, as the couple has a chance encounter years later, the romantic feelings start to reappear. This is an example of ______________.

Answer 4

a. spontaneous recovery Correct

Question 5

If your dog was classically conditioned to wag his tail when you pick up a leash to go for a walk, what would extinguish this behavior?

Answer 5

d. Pick up the leash without taking him for a walk. Correct

Question 6

When a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus as well, this is called _____ conditioning.

Answer 6

a. higher-order Correct

Question 7

In the cardboard box conditioning example in the text, before conditioning, the box is the ____, the pizza is the _____, and the salivation is the ______.

Answer 7

a. NS; UCS; UCR Correct

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning?

Answer 8

b. After an accident with a red car last month, Giorgio gets nervous when he sees a red car, but not when he sees a red truck or van. Correct

Question 9

A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest is called _____.

Answer 9

a. a neutral stimulus Correct

Question 10

All _____ stimuli and responses are inborn, such as salivating at the sight of food.

Answer 10

unconditioned

Question 11

The occurrence of a learned response to stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus is called stimulus _____.

Answer 11

generalization

Question 12

A previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned response is now called a _____.

Answer 12

b. conditioned stimulus Correct

Question 13

In John Watson’s demonstration of classical conditioning with little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was _____.

Answer 13

c. a loud noise Correct

Question 14

A relatively permanent change in behavior or mental processes as a result of practice or experience is called _____.

Answer 14

learning

Question 15

Most phobias are explained by _____.

Answer 15

a. classical conditioning

Question 16

Eli’s grandma gives him a Tootsie roll every time she visits. When Eli sees his grandma arriving, his mouth begins to water. In this example, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is ____.

Answer 16

c. grandma

Question 17

_____ conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

Answer 17

Classical

Question 18

Classical conditioning falls under which perspective of psychology?

Answer 18

behavioral

Question 19

After being shocked for the last ten days when kissing your wife, you now feel mildly anxious whenever you approach her to give her a kiss. In classical conditioning, your wife was a(n) _____ stimulus ten days ago and has now become a(n) _____ stimulus.

Answer 19

b. neutral; conditioned Correct