Chapter 4

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?

Answer 1

unresponsive muscles, occurance of most dreams

Question 2

The adaptation/protection theory of sleep says that sleep

Answer 2

conserves energy and protects us from predators

Question 3

The repair/restoration theory of sleep says that sleep serves

Answer 3

a recuperative function, following depletion of key brain and body resources

Question 4

circadian rhythms are

Answer 4

biological changes that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Question 5

Armand is daydreaming, Adele is dreaming while asleep. Which statement is TRUE?

Answer 5

Both Armand and Adele are in altered states of consciousness.

Question 6

Sleep apnea is

Answer 6

b and c
Accompined by repeated awakenings, gasping for breate and day time sleepiness
A suspected factor in snoring, high blood pressure, and heart attack

Question 7

The cognitive view of dreaming suggets that dreams

Answer 7

help us sift through and sort out our everday experiences

Question 8

The idea that dreams are the by-product of random stimulation of brain cells, and that the brain attempts to combine this spontaneous activity into coherent patterns, is known as the ______ hypothesis of dreaming

Answer 8

activation-synthesis

Question 9

The persistent inability to fall or stay asleep, or awakening too early, is a symptom of _______.

Answer 9

Insomnia

Question 10

The _____ content of dream contains the surface symbols that disguise the underlying meaning of the dream.

Answer 10

manifest

Question 11

The sleep stage marked by irregular breathing, eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming is called ______ sleep

Answer 11

REM

Question 12

A man has a dream about a train traveling through a tunnel, which represents his unhidden desire to engage in sexual intercourse. According to the psychoanalytic view of dreaming, what would be the latent content of this dream?

Answer 12

sexual intercourse

Question 13

_____________ involve problems sleeping, whereas ___________ refer to abnormal sleep disturbances.

Answer 13

Dyssomnias; parasomnias

Question 14

Consciousness is defined as _____.

Answer 14

an awareness of one’s self and one’s surroundings

Question 15

After becoming very angry with your sister and wishing that she were dead, you dream about pushing her off a cliff. According to Freud, the latent content of your dream would be _____, while the manifest content would be _____.

Answer 15

wishing she were dead; pushing her off the cliff

Question 16

Scientists study sleep in sleep labs using _____.

Answer 16

EEG recordings

Question 17

If in midsentence, your friend suddenly slumps over on the couch and appears to have entered the REM stage of sleep, which of the following is the BEST explanation for your friend’s behavior?

Answer 17

b. Your friend suffers from narcolepsy and should seek medical attention.

Question 18

Freud believed that dreams allow us to access the _____.

Answer 18

unconscious

Question 19

Melatonin influences _____.

Answer 19

sleep

Question 20

Abnormal sleep disturbances such as nightmares and night terrors are known as ______.

Answer 20

parasomnias