Chapter 2 Key Terms

Question 1

Achondroplasia

Answer 1

congenital abnormal conversion of cartilage into bone

Question 2

Amphiarthrodial

Answer 2

cartilaginous joints that are slightly moveable

Question 3

Ankylosing spondylitis (rheumatoid spondylitis)

Answer 3

arthritis of the spine that resembles rheumatoid arthritis; characterized by stiffness

Question 4

Appendicular

Answer 4

classification of the skeleton relating to the limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle

Question 5

Arthritis

Answer 5

inflammation of a joint

Question 6

Axial

Answer 6

classification of the skeleton relating to the vertebral column and head

Question 7

Bone cyst

Answer 7

a wall of fibrous tissue filled with clear fluid that develops beneath the epiphyseal plate

Question 8

Bursitis

Answer 8

inflammation of a bursa

Question 9

Cancellous

Answer 9

spongy bone located beneath the compact bone

Question 10

Chondroma

Answer 10

benign neoplasm that forms cartilage

Question 11

Congenital dislocated hip

Answer 11

developmental abnormality in which a neonate’s hips easily become dislocated

Question 12

Cortical

Answer 12

compact bone

Question 13

Delayed union

Answer 13

when bone fragments do not heal in the normal time frame

Question 14

Diarthrodial

Answer 14

freely moveable joints

Question 15

Dislocation

Answer 15

displacement of any organ or body part

Question 16

Displacement

Answer 16

any organ or body part that is not in the normal location

Question 17

Distraction

Answer 17

pulling apart of bone fragments to realign proximity to each other

Question 18

Enchondroma

Answer 18

benign cartilaginous neoplasm located in the medullary cavity

Question 19

Endosteum

Answer 19

a layer of cells on the inner surface of the medullary cavity

Question 20

Exostosis

Answer 20

cartilage-capped bone neoplasm

Question 21

Fibrous dysplasia

Answer 21

areas of bone undergoing lysis being replaced with abnormal fibrous tissue

Question 22

Fracture

Answer 22

discontinuity of bone structure

Question 23

Legg-Calve-Perth disease

Answer 23

necrosis of the femoral head epiphyseal ossification center

Question 24

Malunion

Answer 24

bone fragments do not heal in proper relationship to each other

Question 25

Medullary

Answer 25

bone marrow cavity found in the center of the shaft of long bones

Question 26

Nonunion

Answer 26

bone fragments that do not heal

Question 27

Osgood-Schlatter

Answer 27

inflammation with partial avulsion of the tibial apophysis

Question 28

Ossification

Answer 28

formation of bone

Question 29

Osteitis deformans (Paget disease)

Answer 29

generalized skeletal disease of older persons where bone resorption and formation are both increased

Question 30

Osteoblast

Answer 30

a bone-forming cell

Question 31

Osteochondritis dissecans

Answer 31

when a portion of joint cartilage and underlying bone separate

Question 32

Osteoclast

Answer 32

a cell that absorbs and removes osseous tissue

Question 33

Osteoclastomas (giant cell tumor)

Answer 33

osteolytic tumor composed of multinucleated giant cells that are sometimes malignant

Question 34

Osteodystrophy

Answer 34

defective formation of bone

Question 35

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 35

abnormal fragility and plasticity of bone with recurring fractures with little or no traumatic effects

Question 36

Osteomalacia

Answer 36

disease characterized by a gradual softening and bending of the bones due to lack of calcium

Question 37

Osteomyelitis (osteitis)

Answer 37

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Question 38

Osteopenia

Answer 38

a series of diseases that show a decreased calcification or density of bone

Question 39

Osteopetrosis

Answer 39

excessive formation of calcium in bones creating overly dense bones

Question 40

Osteoporosis

Answer 40

disease process in which the skeletal tissue is reduced and there is a lack of calcium

Question 41

Periosteum

Answer 41

thick outer membrane that covers the entire surface of bone

Question 42

Scoliosis

Answer 42

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Question 43

Sequestrum

Answer 43

piece of dead or necrotic bone tissue

Question 44

Spina bifida

Answer 44

failure of one or more vertebral arches to fuse

Question 45

Subluxation

Answer 45

an incomplete dislocation

Question 46

Synarthrodial

Answer 46

fibrous joints that are immovable

Question 47

Transitional vertebra

Answer 47

appearance of vertebrae mimics the one above or below it