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S4: Radiographic Pathology > Chapter 7 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

single uterus is made when

A

Mullerian ducts fuse together

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2
Q

three layers of uterus

A

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

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3
Q

endometrium

A

lining of uterus

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4
Q

myometrium

A

actual muscle wall of uterus

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5
Q

perimetrium

A

outer lining of uterus

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6
Q

uterine tubes are also known as

A

fallopian tubes

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7
Q

uterus lying to the left

A

livo-rotated

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8
Q

uterus lying to the right

A

dextro-rotated

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9
Q

ovary is attached to the uterine body _____ by the _____ _____

A

laterally; broad ligament

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10
Q

woman is born with all her eggs; approximately how many is this

A

200,000

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11
Q

each ovary secretes what hormones

A

estrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

how are testicles formed

A

in abdomen and descend to scrotum shortly after birth

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13
Q

epididymis is coiled on _____ and _____ of each testicle (stores sperm)

A

top; posterior

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14
Q

the prostate gland surrounds

A

ejaculatory duct and urethra

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15
Q

agenesis

A

missing uterus

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16
Q

arcuate

A

small indentation on the top of the fundus

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17
Q

bicornuate bicollic

A

one vagina, two cervixes, two uterine bodies

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18
Q

bicornuate

A

common anomaly with two fundi

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19
Q

didelphic

A

complete duplication

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20
Q

unicornuate

A

one half of a uterus and one fallopian tube

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21
Q

septate

A

septum in the uterine body extending the length of the body

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22
Q

subseptate

A

partial septum dividing the body

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23
Q

retroverted

A

fundus of the uterus is posterior to the cervix

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24
Q

cryptochidism

A

undescended testicle; worrisome for malignancy

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25
Q

congenital pathology for males

A

cryptorchidism

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26
Q

congenital pathologies for females

A

agenesis, arcuate, bicornuate bicollic, bicornuate, didelphic, unicornuate, septate, subseptate, and retroverted

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27
Q

female inflammatory processes

A

endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and leiomyomas

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28
Q

endometriosis

A

growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus

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29
Q

endometriosis is associated with

A

chocolate cysts and adenomyosis

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30
Q

pelvic (inflammatory disease)

A

acute or chronic; common cause of ectopic pregnancy

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31
Q

three types of leiomyomas

A

submucous, intramural, and subserous

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32
Q

submucous leiomyoma

A

projecting into the body of the uterus

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33
Q

intramural leiomyoma

A

within the muscle wall

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34
Q

subserous leiomyoma

A

projecting off the perimetrium and into the pelvic cavity

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35
Q

male inflammatory processes

A

epididymitis and testicular torsion

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36
Q

epididymitis and testicular torsion are tested with what modality

A

ultrasonography and nuclear medicine (relies on blood flow to area)

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37
Q

benign neoplasms of breast

A

fibrocystic disease and fibroadenomas

38
Q

female malignant neoplasms

A

endometrial carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, and breast cancer

39
Q

endometrial carcinoma is what percent of uterine malignancies

A

90%

40
Q

cystadenocarcinoma is what cancer

A

ovarian cancer

41
Q

most common malignancy in women

A

breast cancer

42
Q

what is overall risk of women having breast cancer

A

1 in 8 people

43
Q

breast cancer risk increases with

A

age, family history, and first pregnancy occurring late in life

44
Q

prostate cancer is benign or malignant

A

malignant

45
Q

prostate cancer needs early diagnosis due to

A

metastasis occurring in bones

46
Q

contraindication of hysterosalpingography

A

infection

47
Q

imaging modality of choice for reproductive system imaging

A

ultrasonography

48
Q

what type of transducers are used to look closely at uterus or prostate

A

transrectal transducers

49
Q

leiomyomas can be readily assessed in what modalities

A

CT and MRI

50
Q

nuclear medicine is used to

A

look at sentinel node scans after biopsies

51
Q

bone scans are done to

A

see if there is metastasis from breast cancer and prostate cancer

52
Q

age and causal factors of endometriosis

A

over 30 y; nulligravida

53
Q

manifestations of endometriosis

A

dysmenorrhea, aching remainder of month

54
Q

radiographic appearance for endometriosis

A

ultrasonography

55
Q

causal factors of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

50%-60% by gonorrhea

56
Q

manifestations of PID

A

pelvic pain, foul-smelling discharge

57
Q

radiographic appearance of PID

A

ultrasonography

58
Q

age and causal factors of leiomyoma

A

over 30 y; nulligravida, estrogen stimulated

59
Q

manifestations of leiomyoma

A

asymptomatic

60
Q

radiographic appearance of leiomyoma

A

ultrasonography

61
Q

manifestations of teratoma

A

asymptomatic

62
Q

radiographic appearance of teratoma

A

calcifications (teeth)

63
Q

age of fibrocystic breasts

A

premenopausal

64
Q

manifestations of fibrocystic breasts

A

asymptomatic

65
Q

radiographic appearance of fibrocystic breasts

A

fibrosis bilaterally seen on mammography

66
Q

manifestations of fibroadenoma

A

asymptomatic, movable mass

67
Q

radiographic appearance of fibroadenoma

A

smooth, well-circumscribed mass

68
Q

age and causal factors of endometrial carcinoma

A

postmenopausal; nullipara, estrogen stimulation

69
Q

manifestations of endometrial carcinoma

A

bleeding, hypermenorrhea

70
Q

radiographic appearance of endometrial carcinoma

A

depression on bladder wall by uterine mass seen on IVU

71
Q

causal factors of cervical carcinoma

A

high degree of sexual activity, chronic irritation, infection

72
Q

manifestations of cervical carcinoma

A

bleeding, pain

73
Q

radiographic appearance of cervical carcinoma

A

hydronephrosis, ultrasonography or CT suggested

74
Q

age and causal factors of breast carcinoma

A

postmenopausal; delayed childbirth

75
Q

manifestations of breast carcinoma

A

nipple retraction, skin thickening, nipple discharge

76
Q

radiographic appearance of breast carcinoma

A

tumor mass, clustered calcifications, irregular margins

77
Q

age and causal factors of prostatic hyperplasia

A

over 50 y; decreased hormones, enlarged prostate

78
Q

manifestations of prostatic carcinoma

A

retention of urine

79
Q

radiographic appearance of prostatic hyperplasia

A

hydronephrosis, ureteral dilation, “fish hook” sign

80
Q

age of prostatic calculi

A

over 50 y

81
Q

manifestations of prostatic calculi

A

asymptomatic

82
Q

radiographic appearance of prostatic calculi

A

small multiple calcium deposits near base of bladder

83
Q

age of prostatic carcinoma

A

over 50 y

84
Q

manifestations of prostatic carcinoma

A

retention of urine

85
Q

radiographic appearance of prostatic carcinoma

A

irregular impression on bladder floor

86
Q

age of cryptorchidism

A

infant male

87
Q

manifestations of cryptorchidism

A

nonpalpable testis in sctrotum

88
Q

radiographic appearance of cryptorchidism

A

ultrasonography suggested

89
Q

age and causal factors of hydrocele and spermatocele

A

25-40 y, trauma, inflammation

90
Q

manifestations of hydrocele and spermatocele

A

swelling of the scrotum

91
Q

radiographic appearance of hydrocele and spermatocele

A

ultrasonography suggested

S4: Radiographic Pathology (34 decks)

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