Chapter 20

Question 1

Composed of simple squamous epithelium and releases substances to regulate contraction/relaxation of tunica media

Answer 1

tunica interna

Question 2

used for vasodilation and vasoconstriction, made of smooth muscle

Answer 2

tunica media

Question 3

made of areolar connective tissue, anchors to other structures

Answer 3

tunica externa

Question 4

smaller tunica internal, thick tunica media, thin tunica externa

Answer 4

arteries

Question 5

large tunica interna/lumen, thin tunica media, thick tunica externa

Answer 5

veins

Question 6

largest arteries containing lots of elastin in tunica media, used to stretch and recoil

Answer 6

elastic arteries

Question 7

Where are elastic arteries found?

Answer 7

aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid artery, subclavian artery, common iliac artery

Question 8

medium sized arteries that distribute blood to certain body parts, used for vasodilation and vasoconstriction more smooth muscle

Answer 8

muscular arteries

Question 9

Where are muscular arteries found?

Answer 9

most arteries

Question 10

Smallest, think tunica media, always vasoconstrictor

Answer 10

arterioles

Question 11

where are arterioles found?

Answer 11

off of muscular arteries

Question 12

term for always vasoconstricted

Answer 12

vasomotor tone

Question 13

smallest veins; companion vessel to arterioles, drains capillaries

Answer 13

venules

Question 14

malfunction in valve of vein, blood pools up

Answer 14

varicose veins

Question 15

companion vessels to muscular arteries, most have valves that dump blood to large veins

Answer 15

medium veins

Question 16

companion to elastic arteries, most don’t have valves because they’re near the heart; act as blood reservoirs

Answer 16

large veins

Question 17

connect arterioles to venules, optimal for exchange of substances between blood and body tissue

Answer 17

capillaries

Question 18

What is the lining of continuous capillaries?

Answer 18

simple squamous epithelium

Question 19

what is the basement membrane of continuous capillaries?

Answer 19

have small gap junctions called intercellular clefts

Question 20

allows small solute movement

Answer 20

intercellular clefts

Question 21

where are continuous capillaries found in?

Answer 21

capillaries within muscle, CNS, skin, thymus, lungs

Question 22

Thin areas on endothelial layer called fenestrations which allow plasma proteins and small solutes to pass through

Answer 22

fenestrated capillaries

Question 23

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

Answer 23

small intestine, ciliary process, choroid plexus, kidney, endocrine glands

Question 24

Have large openings between them, incomplete layer which allows for passage of large solutes

Answer 24

Sinusoids

Question 25

Where are sinusoids located?

Answer 25

red bone marrow, liver, spleen, adrenal gland, parathyroid gland

Question 26

contract and relax involuntarily in capillary bed

Answer 26

precapillary sphincter

Question 27

Pressure of fluid on wall on capillary

Answer 27

hydrostatic pressure

Question 28

What pulls water towards higher concentration of solute in capillary bed

Answer 28

osmotic pressure

Question 29

Difference between osmotic and hydrostatic pressure

Answer 29

Net filtration rate

Question 30

What are vasodilators caused from?

Answer 30

high CO2 low nutrients

Question 31

Substances that dilate arterioles and relaxation of precapillary sphincter

Answer 31

vasodilator

Question 32

force of blood against the inner walls of blood vessels

Answer 32

blood pressure

Question 33

substances that constrict arterioles and contract precapillary sphincters, decrease blood flow

Answer 33

vasoconstrictors

Question 34

highest blood pressure

Answer 34

arterial blood pressure

Question 35

maximum pressure on blood vessel wall; arteries stretch

Answer 35

systolic pressure

Question 36

minimum pressure on blood vessel wall; arteries recoil

Answer 36

diastolic pressure

Question 37

net pressure created by the heart each time it contracts; only arteries; measures stretch and recoil capabilities

Answer 37

pulse pressure

Question 38

how do you find pulse pressure?

Answer 38

systolic - diastolic pressure

Question 39

average blood pressure within arterial system; makes sure tissues are adequately perfused

Answer 39

mean arterial pressure

Question 40

change in blood pressure from 1 end of the BV to another end

Answer 40

BP gradient

Question 41

no pulses of blood, pressure lowered compared to arteries, pressure drops more when moving through capillary bed

Answer 41

Capillary blood pressure

Question 42

pressure is very low b/c walls of veins are thinner, little stretch/recoil

Answer 42

venous blood pressure

Question 43

rate of blood flow back to the heart

Answer 43

venous return

Question 44

pump within limbs that when muscles contract, blood moves up from legs and arms to abdominopelvic area

Answer 44

skeletal muscle pump

Question 45

What are the 2 pumps that assist in venous return?

Answer 45

skeletal muscle, respiratory

Question 46

Pump within thoracic cavity

Answer 46

respiratory pump

Question 47

Decreases pressure and moves blood to thoracic cavity

Answer 47

inhale

Question 48

increases pressure and moves blood into heart

Answer 48

exhale

Question 49

amount of friction the blood experiences as it is transported through blood vessels

Answer 49

resistance

Question 50

opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels

Answer 50

peripheral resistance

Question 51

What are 3 factors that affect resistance?

Answer 51

blood viscosity, blood vessel length and radius

Question 52

What happens to resistance if blood viscosity is thick? thin?

Answer 52

thick=more | thin=less

Question 53

What happens to resistance of vessel length is longer?

Answer 53

more resistance

Question 54

What happens to resistance of blood vessel diameter is small? large?

Answer 54

small=more | large=less

Question 55

increase cardiac output = MAP ____

Answer 55

increase

Question 56

Vessel diameter increase = MAP _____

Answer 56

increase

Question 57

resistance decreases = _____ blood flow

Answer 57

increase

Question 58

Where is the cardiovascular center located?

Answer 58

medulla oblongata

Question 59

Stretch receptors change, changes AP frequency

Answer 59

baroreceptors

Question 60

how much stretch in aortic arch

Answer 60

aortic arch baroreceptors

Question 61

how much stretch in internal carotid artery

Answer 61

carotid baroreceptors

Question 62

regulate heart activity (cardiac output)

Answer 62

cardiac center

Question 63

Affects the myocardium and SA node to increase heart rate

Answer 63

sympathetic nerve activity

Question 64

affect SA node and AV node to decrease heart rate

Answer 64

Parasympathetic activity

Question 65

regulates the degree of vasoconstriction and vasodilation of blood vessels

Answer 65

Vasomotor center

Question 66

What hormones increase blood pressure?

Answer 66

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 67

What is norepinephrine and epinephrine stimulated by?

Answer 67

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 68

increase in stretch= ___ action potentials

Answer 68

more

Question 69

decrease in stretch = ____ action potentials

Answer 69

less