Chapter 19

Question 1

Transports blood throughout the body to allow exchange of substances, respiratory gates, nutrients and waste products between the blood of capillaries and the body’s cells

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

Carries blood away from the heart, higher blood pressure

Answer 2

Arteries

Question 3

Carries blood to the heart

Answer 3

Veins

Question 4

Site of substance exchange, smallest, found in tissues

Answer 4

Capillaries

Question 5

Ventricles eject blood

Answer 5

Systole

Question 6

ventricles relax and fill with blood

Answer 6

Diastole

Question 7

What chambers of the heart are systemic

Answer 7

Right atrium, left ventricle

Question 8

What chambers of the heart are pulmonary

Answer 8

Right ventricle, left atrium

Question 9

Blood goes from right side of the heart to the lungs back to the left side of the heart; deoxygenated

Answer 9

Pulmonary circulation

Question 10

Blood goes from the left side of the heart to the body to the right side of the heart; oxygenated

Answer 10

Systemic circulation

Question 11

Form nodal tissue, 1% of the heart, specialized for generating and conducting electrical impulses in the heart

Answer 11

Autorrhythmic cells

Question 12

What is the resting membrane potential for auto rhythmic cells?

Answer 12

-60mV

Question 13

Located in the ceiling of the right atrium, generates action potential

Answer 13

SA node

Question 14

What is the threshold for auto rhythmic cells?

Answer 14

-40mV

Question 15

Comprises 99% of the heart, forms myocardium, pumps blood upon contraction

Answer 15

Contractile cells

Question 16

What is the resting membrane potential for contractile cells

Answer 16

-90mV

Question 17

Atrial depolarization

Answer 17

P Wave

Question 18

Action potential travels down ventricular septum

Answer 18

Q wave

Question 19

Ventricles contract

Answer 19

ST segment

Question 20

Spread depolarization through ventricles

Answer 20

S wave

Question 21

Action potential spreads through the purkinje fibers

Answer 21

R wave

Question 22

Conduction through AV node and AV bundle, atria contract

Answer 22

PQ segment

Question 23

Ventricles repolarize

Answer 23

T wave

Question 24

Contraction of the heart

Answer 24

Systole

Question 25

Relaxation of the heart, both result in 1 directional flow of blood open/close of heart valves

Answer 25

Diastole

Question 26

- Both atria and ventricles in diastole - Blood fills up atria - AV valves open - Semilunar valves close - Blood moves into ventricles

Answer 26

Rest

Question 27

- SA node cause AP to AV node - Atria stimulated to contract and blood is pushed into ventricles - Filling of ventricles are complete

Answer 27

Atrial Systole

Question 28

Maximum blood volume in ventricles at end of atrial contraction

Answer 28

End diastolic volume

Question 29

No change in ventricular blood volume during contraction

Answer 29

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 30

Amount of blood left after contraction in ventricles

Answer 30

Endsystolic volume

Question 31

Volume of blood doesn't change in ventricles during relaxation

Answer 31

Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 32

- Action potential travels to AV node to inter ventricular septum to purkinje fibers - Ventricles contract and pressure increases in ventricles - AV valves close, all 4 valves are shut - Atria repolarize and blood comes into atria

Answer 32

Early ventricular systole

Question 33

Pressure greater in ventricles, causes semilunar valves to open and blood is ejected into vessels

Answer 33

Late ventricular systole

Question 34

Ventricles repolarize, pressure decrease, semilunar valves shut, all 4 valves shut

Answer 34

Early ventricular diastole

Question 35

Pressure decreases, AV valves open, everything is at rest, happens 72 times per minute

Answer 35

Late ventricular diastole

Question 36

Volume of blood ejected by ventricle in one minute

Answer 36

Cardiac output

Question 37

How do you find cardiac output

Answer 37

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 38

What influences cardiac output?

Answer 38

Stroke volume and heart rate

Question 39

Number of beats per minute

Answer 39

Heart rate

Question 40

Volume of blood ejected during one beat

Answer 40

Stroke volume

Question 41

How do you fine stroke volume?

Answer 41

End diastolic volume - end systolic volume

Question 42

Any externa factor that changes the heart rate

Answer 42

Chronotopic agents

Question 43

Gives excitatory response, increases heart rate, activates sympathetic nervous system

Answer 43

Positive chronotropic agent

Question 44

Inhibitory response, decreases heart rate

Answer 44

negative chronotopic agents

Question 45

Stretch of heart wall due to volume of blood before ventricular contraction

Answer 45

pre-load

Question 46

Volume of blood returned to heart

Answer 46

venous return

Question 47

any external factor that change stroke volume by altering contractility

Answer 47

inotropic agents

Question 48

What are some examples of inotropic agents?

Answer 48

calcium

Question 49

more calcium= ___ stroke volume

Answer 49

more

Question 50

less calcium = ____ stroke volume

Answer 50

less

Question 51

Pressure that must be exceeded before blood is ejected from the chamber, amount of pressure sitting on the semilunar valves that must be overcome before ventricular ejection can occur

Answer 51

Afterload

Question 52

More pressure = ____ ejection

Answer 52

more

Question 53

Increase resistance = ____ stroke volume

Answer 53

less

Question 54

make FC for steps

Answer 54

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