Chapter 22

Question 1

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic

Question 2

Are viruses prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 2

None

Question 3

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic

Question 4

What type of infectious agent can be killed by antibiotics?

Answer 4

Bacteria

Question 5

What diseases are associated with bacteria?

Answer 5

Strep throat, tuberculosis, syphilis, diptheria, tetanus, lyme disease, salmonella, anthrax

Question 6

What disease are associated with viruses?

Answer 6

Common cold, flu, polio, mumps, measles, hepatitis, rubella, HIV, herpes, ebola

Question 7

What diseases are associated with fungi?

Answer 7

athlete’s foot, diaper rash, yeast infection

Question 8

Parasites that must enter the cell to replicate, cannot be killed with antibiotics

Answer 8

Viruses

Question 9

Produce spores and release prokaryotic enzymes

Answer 9

Fungi

Question 10

Single celled infections agents that multiply fast in tissue

Answer 10

Bacteria

Question 11

Engulf foregins substances, first to arrive at inflammatory response and most abundant

Answer 11

Neutrophil

Question 12

Destroy parasites, associated with allergy and asthma response

Answer 12

Eonsinophil

Question 13

Increase fluid movement, release histamine that increases vasodilation and capillary permeability

Answer 13

Basophil

Question 14

Lymphatic structures that engulf foreign substances

Answer 14

Lymphocytes (B and T-cells)

Question 15

Engulf foreign materials and stays/arrives later in immunity responses; live in tissues

Answer 15

Macrophages

Question 16

Blood lymphatic structure that release chemicals to destroy unhealthy cells

Answer 16

Natural killer cells

Question 17

Connective tissue and viscera structure; secretes histamine

Answer 17

Mast cells

Question 18

Skin and mucous membranes; engulf foreign substances

Answer 18

Dendritic cells

Question 19

Small soluble proteins that communicate between cells, control development and behavior of effector cells and regulate inflammatory response

Answer 19

Cytokines

Question 20

Defense mechanisms of immunity we are born with

Answer 20

Innate immunity

Question 21

Specific B and T- lymphocytes which respond to foreign substances to which we a exposed to during our lifetime

Answer 21

Adaptive immunity

Question 22

Contrains sebaceous oil gland secretions that lower the pH preventing the growth of bacteria; sweat gland secretions that wash away other microbes

Answer 22

Intact skin

Question 23

Contains lysozyme that destroy the bacterial cell wall, flow of mucus washes bacteria/virus off mucus membrane

Answer 23

Mucus and cilia

Question 24

Engulf cells, chemical secretions to promote inflammation or destroy pathogens and parasites

Answer 24

Cellular defenses

Question 25

Proteins that attack foreign microorganisms

Answer 25

Antimicrobial proteins

Question 26

What is an example of antimicrobial microorganisms?

Answer 26

Interferons

Question 27

Binds to neighboring cell which stimulates macrophages and natural killer cells to destroy the cell

Answer 27

Interferons

Question 28

What happens in the first step of inflammation?

Answer 28

Release of chemicals, basophils mast cell of damage tissue

Question 29

What happens in the second step of inflammation?

Answer 29

Basophil and mast cells release histamine to initiate an inflammatory response

Question 30

What does histamine do during inflammation?

Answer 30

Vasodilation and increase permeability of WBC

Question 31

What happens in the third step of inflammation?

Answer 31

Recruitment of leukocytes, more from blood into tissue

Question 32

What leukocyte first arrives during an inflammatory response?

Answer 32

Neutrophils

Question 33

What are the effects of inflammation?

Answer 33

increased fluid, protein, immune cells in tissue, hydrostatic pressure in interstitial space, movement into lymphatic capillaries; prevents infection

Question 34

What are the 5 cardinal signals of inflammation?

Answer 34

redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

Question 35

Caused by increased blood flow and more hemoglobin

Answer 35

Redness

Question 36

Caused by increased blood flow and metabolic activity

Answer 36

Heat

Question 37

Caused by increased fluid loss from capillaries

Answer 37

Swelling

Question 38

Caused by stimulation of pain receptors

Answer 38

Pain

Question 39

What does fever affect?

Answer 39

promote Interferon activity, inhibit bacteria and virus reproduction, increase activity of adaptive immunity, accelerate tissue repair

Question 40

Chemicals that are released to increase body temperature in response to toxins and trauma

Answer 40

Pyrogen

Question 41

Immunoglobin that binds to a specific antigen, released by plasma cells

Answer 41

Antibody

Question 42

Reacts with antibodies or immune cells of the affected object

Answer 42

Antigen

Question 43

Antigens encountered by macrophage will bring it to helper T-cell

Answer 43

Antigen recognition

Question 44

What are the 3 subtypes of T-cells?

Answer 44

Helper, Cytotoxic, memory

Question 45

Identifies antigen as foreign, involved in most aspects of immunity; have receptors to recognize antigens, will release cytokines

Answer 45

Helper T-cell

Question 46

What is the effect of cytokines?

Answer 46

Stimulate cytotoxic T-cells, B-cell division

Question 47

Chemicals released that are toxic to cells

Answer 47

Cytotoxic T-cell

Question 48

Formed after 1st exposure of antigen, causing a faster response

Answer 48

Memory B and T-cells

Question 49

Have antibodies located on the surface of the cell that bind to the antigen. Will replicate really fast when foreign antigen gets attached

Answer 49

B-cells

Question 50

Cells that give us more antibodies by dividing rapidly

Answer 50

Plasma Cells

Question 51

Various protein chains that tag/destroy foreign particles; signals immune cells to attack

Answer 51

Antibodies

Question 52

Antibodies that attach to B-cells

Answer 52

Antibodies as receptors

Question 53

Antibodies that bind to foreign antigen, signals immune cells to attack

Answer 53

Free antibodies