Chapter 23

Question 1

What are the general functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Air passageway, site of gas exchange, detection of odors, sound production

Question 2

What is the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Nasal cavity to terminal bronchiole

Question 3

What is the gas exchange portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

respiratory bronchiole, alveoli

Question 4

What is considered the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 4

Nasal cavity to pharynx

Question 5

What is considered the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 5

larynx and below

Question 6

What lines most of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial

Question 7

Lines respiratory tract

Answer 7

Ciliated

Question 8

Produce mucus, works wit cilia

Answer 8

Goblet cell

Question 9

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

Answer 9

Warm, moistens, humidifies, cleans air

Question 10

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 10

Lighten weight of skull and amplification of voices

Question 11

What 4 bones make up the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 11

Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoid, maxillary

Question 12

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 12

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 13

End of nasal cavity to uvula, only carries air

Answer 13

nasopharynx

Question 14

contains palatine and lingual tonsils; provides defense agains ingested or inhaled foreign materials

Answer 14

Oropharynx

Question 15

Serves as a common passageway for food and air

Answer 15

Laryngopharynx

Question 16

What makes up the larynx?

Answer 16

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis

Question 17

opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoid cartilages of the larynx.

Answer 17

Rima glottidis

Question 18

Produce sound as air passes between them; covered by mucus

Answer 18

True vocal folds

Question 19

Protects the vocal cords; have no function in sound production

Answer 19

fasle vocal folds

Question 20

C-shaped cartilage that is not complete

Answer 20

Tracheal cartilage

Question 21

Muscle posterior side of the trachea

Answer 21

Trachealis muscle

Question 22

What makes up the trachea?

Answer 22

Tracheal cartilage, trachealis muscle

Question 23

What are the three regions of the bronchial tree?

Answer 23

Primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 24

Isolated subdivisions of each lobe supplied with air by a tertiary bronchi

Answer 24

Bronchopulmonary segment

Question 25

Subdivide into thin airways called alveolar ducts and lead into alveolar sacs; smallest

Answer 25

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 26

Last of the conducting airway of bronchioles

Answer 26

Terminal bronchioles

Question 27

Wall of ____ lack cartilage

Answer 27

Bronchioles

Question 28

Closing of bronchiole vessel; caused by parasympathetic

Answer 28

Bronchoconstriction

Question 29

Opening of bronchiole vessel; caused by sympathetic

Answer 29

Bronchodilation

Question 30

Squamous epithelial cells; gas exchange is faster

Answer 30

Type 1 alveolar cell

Question 31

Makes surfactant, coat lining alveoli, surface tension to prevent collapsing

Answer 31

Type 2 alveolar cell

Question 32

ingest and remove debris

Answer 32

Macrophages

Question 33

Medial side of lungs

Answer 33

Hilum

Question 34

What structures are found at the hilum of the lung?

Answer 34

Bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels, autonomic nerves

Question 35

Amount of air that flows in and out of the respiratory tract with each breath

Answer 35

Airflow

Question 36

How does airflow increase?

Answer 36

Increase airflow and resistance

Question 37

How does airflow decrease?

Answer 37

decrease airflow and resistance

Question 38

Difference between atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 38

Pressure gradient

Question 39

All of the factors that make it more difficult to move air from the atmosphere through the respiratory passageway into the alveoli

Answer 39

Resistance

Question 40

Causes the muscle to contract and change range and depth of breathing

Answer 40

Ventral respiratory group

Question 41

Receives sensory input, AP sent to VRG

Answer 41

Dorsal respiratory group

Question 42

What are the 2 parts of the medullary respiratory center?

Answer 42

Ventral respiratory group, dorsal respiratory group

Question 43

Smooth transitions between inhalation and exhalation

Answer 43

Pontine respiratory center

Question 44

Increase size container = ____ pressure

Answer 44

decrease

Question 45

What happens during passive breathing (inhalation)?

Answer 45

Ventral respiratory group neurons depolarize, AP sent to skeletal muscle, diaphragm flattens, thoracic cavity increases

Question 46

What happens during passive breathing (exhalation)?

Answer 46

AP from ventral respiratory group stops, muscles relax, diaphragm puffs up, ribs pulled down, decrease thoracic cavity

Question 47

what happens during active breathing (inhalation)?

Answer 47

AP sent to dorsal respiratory group and ventral respiratory group, changes rate/depth of breathing causing an increase in thoracic cavity, decrease intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressure

Question 48

What happens during active breathing (exhalation)?

Answer 48

AP to accessory muscles and ventral respiratory group stop muscles to relax

Question 49

Sensory receptors that detect chemical concentration of hydrogen ions and respiratory gases

Answer 49

Chemoreceptors

Question 50

Within medulla oblongata, monitor pH of CSF

Answer 50

Central chemoreceptors

Question 51

Found in carotid body and aortic body; monitor blood, pH, and CO2 levels

Answer 51

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 52

What signals us to breathe faster and deeper

Answer 52

Too much H+ and CO2

Question 53

What signals us to breath slower

Answer 53

Too little H+ and CO2

Question 54

High levels of ___ tell peripheral chemoreceptors to breath faster

Answer 54

CO2

Question 55

Pressure exerted by each gas within a mixture of gases and measured in mmHg

Answer 55

Partial pressure

Question 56

Gas moves from high to low partial pressure

Answer 56

Partial pressure gradient

Question 57

Where does O2 move from to where?

Answer 57

From alveoli to pulmonary capillaries

Question 58

Where does CO2 move from where to where?

Answer 58

Pulmonary capillaries to alveoli

Question 59

Amount of gas in alveoli

Answer 59

Ventilation

Question 60

Blow flow reaching alveoli

Answer 60

Perfusion

Question 61

What is ventilation and perfusion controlled by?

Answer 61

Bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

Question 62

Amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin

Answer 62

Oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve

Question 63

What determines the oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve?

Answer 63

Partial pressure of oxygen (more=higher saturation)

Question 64

What influence the saturation curve?

Answer 64

High elevation, sea level, temperature

Question 65

How does high elevation influence the saturation curve?

Answer 65

Decrease PO2=decrease hemoglobin saturation

Question 66

What happens to the saturation curve if you increase temperature?

Answer 66

Decrease hemoglobin saturation