Chapter 23 Flashcards
(20 cards)
From Moscow, American diplomat George Kennan advised the Truman administration that the soviets could not be dealt with as a normal government. Communist ideology drove them to expand their power throughout the world, he claimed, and only the United States had the ability to stop them
Long telegram
Churchill declared in Fulton, Missouri; dividing the free west from the communist east
“Iron curtain” speech
Embracing the Cold War as the foundation of American foreign policy and describes it as worldwide struggle over the economic recovery
Truman doctrine
Pledged the United States to contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery in Europe. Offered a positive vision to go along with containment. “Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.”
Marshall plan
Immune from democratic oversight
National security council
Proposed to stimulate freer trade among the participants, creating an enormous market for American goods and investment
General agreement on tariffs and trade
As a kind of “double containment,” in which West Germany would serve as a bulwark against the soviets while integration into the Western alliance tamed and “civilized” German power. Was the first long-term military alliance between the United States San Europe since the American Revolution
Northern Atlantic treaty organization
This 1950 manifesto described the Cold War as an epic struggle between “the idea of freedom” and the “idea of slavery under the grim oligarchy of the Kremlin.” Helped to spur dramatic increased in American military spending
NSC-68
Liberal democrats and black leaders urged the Truman administration to take the lead and insisting that a Free World worthy of the name should not include colonies and empires
Decolonization
National security agencies encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies, such as The Red Menace (1949), and I Married a Communist (1950), and urged that film scripts be changed to remove references to less-than-praiseworthy aspects of American history, such as Indian removal and racial discrimination
“Military Liberty”
The term originated in Europe between the world wars to describe racist Italy and Nazi Germany —- aggressive, ideology driven states that sought to subdue all of the civil society, including churches, unions, and other voluntary associations, to their control
Totalitarianism
Focused on improving the social safety net and raising the standard of living of ordinary Americans
The fair deal
Sought to reverse some of the gains made by organized labor in the past decade; eight-day “cooling-off period,” banned sympathy strikes and secondary boycotts, passed “right-to-work” laws
Taft-Hartley act
Southern democrat delegates
Dixiecrats
Which government employees were required to demonstrate their patriotism without being allowed to confront accusers or, in some cases, knowing the charges against them
Loyalty review system
Calling well-known screenwriters, directors, and actors to appear before the committee ensured it a wave of national publicity, which its members relished. Ten “unfriendly whitnesses” refused to answer the committee’s questions about their political beliefs or to “name names” on the grounds that the hearings violated the First Amendment’s guarantees of freedom of speech and political association
Hollywood ten
Nationally televised, revealed McCarthy as a bully who browbeat whitnesses and made sweeping accusations with no basis on fact
Army-McCarthy hearings
New definition of loyalty, anything other than “uncritical and unquestioning acceptance of America as it is,” wrote Commager, could now be labeled unpatriotic
Conformity
The first major piece of immigration legislation since 1924, also passed over the president’s veto. Kept the quotas set in place by Truman but deported immigrants identified as Communist even if they already had U.S. citisenship
McCarran-Walter act
The process the United States had committed itself to preventing any further expansion of Soviet power (communism)
Containment
