Chapter 25: The Cold War

Question 1

roots of the Cold War

Answer 1

Soviet Union (communism, totalitarian dictatorship); US (free-enterprise capitalism, republic)

Question 2

Soviet Union refused

Answer 2

to let eastern Europe hold elections as promised at Yalta

Question 3

the iron curtain

Answer 3

division in Europe between free world and communism; Churchill attacked Soviet Union for creating; Stalin believed it was necessary to protect Soviet Union from western attacks

Question 4

George F. Kennan

Answer 4

containment (US should resist Soviet attempt to extend its power)

Question 5

Truman Doctrine

Answer 5

US would help people fight against oppression; send aid to Greece and Turkey to help fight against Soviets

Question 6

Marshall Plan

Answer 6

aid program to rebuild the economics of European countries to create stable conditions for democracies

Question 7

crisis in Berlin

Answer 7

America, Britain, and France set up free, democratic government; western zone became known as Federal Republic of Germany

Question 8

Berlin airlift

Answer 8

British and American planes made deliveries to West Berlin

Question 9

reasoning for airlift

Answer 9

Soviets blocked any road, rail, or river traffic into west Berlin

Question 10

west Berlin

Answer 10

Soviet Union had

Question 11

east Berlin

Answer 11

US had

Question 12

NATO

Answer 12

north Atlantic treaty organization; US, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; if someone is attacked in the group, everyone attacks

Question 13

servicemen’s readjustment act of 1944

Answer 13

help veterans transition to civilian life; GI bill; money for college or job; unemployment pay; assistance finding jobs; loans for homes and farms

Question 14

Taft-Hartley Act

Answer 14

greatly reduced the power of labor unions

Question 15

executive order 9981

Answer 15

ended segregation in US armed forces

Question 16

Tuskegee airmen

Answer 16

group of blacks in the Air Force who were good

Question 17

1948 election

Answer 17

“Dewy defeats Truman”; Truman won and started the fair deal

Question 18

Fair Deal

Answer 18

treat people fairly

Question 19

United Nations

Answer 19

50 nations; June 1945; respect fundamental rights, treaties, agreements; promote progress, freedom of all people, and economic and social advancements

Question 20

universal declaration of human rights

Answer 20

human beings equal; end slavery, torture, and inhumane punishment; right to assembly and access the court; elementary education should be free and available to all

Question 21

International Monetary Fund

Answer 21

promoted orderly financial relationships between countries

Question 22

world bank

Answer 22

provide loans and grants to countries for the purpose of reducing poverty

Question 23

general agreement on tariffs and trade

Answer 23

set rules and regulations for international trade

Question 24

1949 Soviets

Answer 24

detonated the atomic bomb

Question 25

Mao Zedong

Answer 25

China; communist party

Question 26

house un-american committee

Answer 26

investigates the full range of radical groups in the US

Question 27

smith act

Answer 27

crime to call for the overthrow of the US government or belong to an organization that did

Question 28

McCarren act

Answer 28

required communists to register with the US government; limited the rights of communists

Question 29

Hollywood 10

Answer 29

investigated by the HUAC; left wing screenwriters, actors, and directors

Question 30

Alger Hiss

Answer 30

convicted of perjury (lying in court) to Whittaker Chambers

Question 31

Klaus Fuchs

Answer 31

Manhattan Project scientist who gave atomic bomb information to the Soviets

Question 32

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Answer 32

convicted of passing secrets to the Soviets and executed

Question 33

Joseph McCarhty

Answer 33

senator; McCarthyism; never proved the list he had

Question 34

Korea before the war

Answer 34

Soviet controlled North of the 38th parallel; US controlled south; Soviet established communist government; US promoted democracy in South Korea

Question 35

Democratic People's Republic

Answer 35

communist government in Korea; Soviets; North Korea; Kim II Sung

Question 36

Republic of Korea

Answer 36

Syngman Rhee; South Korea

Question 37

Truman asked

Answer 37

UN if they could invade North Korea

Question 38

UN security council

Answer 38

supported the use of force in Korea

Question 39

UN

Answer 39

police action

Question 40

MaCarther wanted

Answer 40

to bomb the Chinese

Question 41

Panmunjom

Answer 41

signed peace agreement and negotiated