Chapter 18: World War 1 Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
black hand
A
wanted Austria-Hungary to leave Bosnia alone; assassinated Franz
2
Q
Gavrilo Pinas
A
black hand; assassinated Franz; took cyanide but didn’t work
3
Q
conditions in Europe after war
A
nationalism; imperialism; militarism (military preparedness)
4
Q
First Battle of the Marne
A
Germany 25 miles from Paris; French pushed them back
5
Q
trench warfare
A
fighting from the trenches
6
Q
No Man’s Land
A
any land between trenches
7
Q
WW1 nicknames
A
The Great War, The Great Conflict
8
Q
1870
A
France declared war on Prussia
9
Q
Otto Van Bismarck
A
created Second Reich
10
Q
Kaiser
A
emperor in German
11
Q
tripple alliance
A
Germany, Italy, and Austria- Hungary
12
Q
western front
A
France
13
Q
eastern front
A
Germany
14
Q
Belgium
A
Germany invaded in order to attack France
15
Q
allies
A
France, Russia, Britain, and Serbia
16
Q
central powers
A
Germany, Austria- Hungary, Turkey, and Italy
17
Q
Christmas Eve
A
unofficial truce on the battle field between the British and German troops
18
Q
Germany on England
A
began air raids and submarine blockades
19
Q
Germany began to use
A
poisonous gas; April 22
20
Q
Lusitania
A
attacked by German U Boat; 1915; Americans died; Wilson said submarine warfare had to end
21
Q
Wilson
A
president at the time
22
Q
war of attrition
A
to wear down opponents
23
Q
Treaty of London
A
Italy joined the allies
24
Q
Sep 6, 1915 Bulgaria
A
joined the central powers and declared war on Serbia
25
May 31, 1915 battle
first and last naval battle between Germany and Britain
26
Schliefen plan
attack from the outsides
27
Austria- Hungary
one country before the war; 2 countries after
28
assisted allies
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan
29
Battle of Verdon
longest battle of the war
30
tripple alliance changed
into the central powers
31
Feb 1, 1917
Germany began unrestricted submarine warfare
32
Feb 3, 1917
US stopped diplomatic relations with Germany
33
Zimmerman note
telegram to Mexico from Germany promising US territory if Mexico joined the central powers against the US
34
April 6, 1917
US declared war on Germany; US joined the allies
35
political instability
reason Russia dropped out of the war; Polshivics; October Revolution
36
Romania
joined the allies
37
T.E. Lawrence
Lawrence of Arabia
38
selective service act
started the draft; ages of 21-30
39
3 major leaders
Harry Truman, George Patton, and Douglas MacArthur
40
Alvin York
became the most decorated soldier of the war
41
Nov 11, 1918
Germany surrendered at 5 am; war ended at 11 am
42
Germany reparations
had to pay reparations; 33 million; no Air Force or submarines; limit army to 100,000
43
Treaty of Paris
signed on June 28, 1918; Versailles in Paris; better world, revenge, and independence
44
Lemon and Stalin
created the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic
45
1919 Hitler
joined Nazi
46
1933 Hitler
named the Chancellor of German Republic
47
poisonous gas
attacked eyes, mouth, and ears; German military scientists experimented as weapons; windy would blow back
48
tanks
British introduced to go through No Man's Land
49
planes
both sides; map and attack from above; threw rocks out
50
isolationism
staying neutral; Wilson said Americans need to; sell to anyone but favored allies in private
51
U Boats
underwater boats; Germany
52
waters around Great Britain
Germany declared war zone; unrestricted submarines
53
Sussex
French passenger boat attacked by a U Boat
54
Sussex pledge
Germany promised not to sink merchant vessels without warning and saving human lives
55
conscientious objectors
people who couldn't fight because their religion or morals prohibit it
56
African American soldiers
segregated; couldn't be commanding officers over whites
57
American expeditionary forces
Pershing in charge; army, guard, and volunteer soldiers needed to practice; not splitting up in different countries because of languages; AEF
58
hello girls
French speaking women who would translate French commanders to US commanders for war to give to AEF
59
2nd Battle of the Marne
Germany last offensive; retreated
60
war crippled
German economy significantly; 1918; caused food strikes
61
war revenue act of 1917
established high taxes; wealthy Americans had to pay 77% of their income
62
liberty bonds
form of loan to the government from American people; government borrowed money from people and they get the interest; had to wait to mature and get more money
63
war industry board
regulated all war materials
64
lever food and fuel control act
government set prices and established product controls
65
Herbert Hoover
food administration; promised farmers higher prices on crops
66
volstead act
passed prohibition; no liquor; ingredients in liquor could be used as food for the soldiers
67
fuel administration
set product goals and prices for fuel
68
Garfield
introduced daylight savings time to extend daylight hours for factory workers
69
national war labor board
Wilson administration; judged disputes between workers and management; improved working conditions; 8 hour workday; companies recognized unions; equal pay for women
70
infuenza
3 types; 1918-1919; Spanish flu
71
committee of public information
George Creel; propaganda to support the war
72
espionage act
punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty
73
sedition act
illegal for Americans to criticize the government, flag, or military in speech or writing
74
14 points
Wilsons plan to help reconstruct Europe; open diplomacy; freedom of seas; removal of trade boundaries; reduction of military arms; resolve disputes over colonies; League of Nations
75
leaders of victorious allies
Wilson; George (British prime minister); Clemenceau (French prime minister); Orlando (Italian prime minister); big four
76
better world
Wilson had a vision
77
revenge
punish Germany
78
independence
create new countries
79
democrats
supported immediate ratification of the treaty
80
irreconcilables
nothing to do with the League of Nations
81
reservationists
Henry Cabot Lodge; only ratify revised treaty
82
political impact
overthrow monarchies in Russia; contributed to the rise of communists in Russia
83
economic impact
devastated Germany economy; farmers hit hard
84
social impact
14 million people dead; women in workforce; encouraged African Americans to move northern
85
impact in Europe
European nations lost almost an entire generation of young men; France in ruins; reparations crippled US economy
