Chapter 25 Reading

Question 1

US and Great Britain wanted

Answer 1

united Germany and independent nations in Eastern Europe

Question 2

Stalin wanted

Answer 2

weak, divided Germany and Eastern Europe under communist control

Question 3

satellite states

Answer 3

Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and eastern part of Germany

Question 4

Truman

Answer 4

after meeting in Potsdam became convinced the Soviet Union had aspirations toward world domination; began the Cold War; asked congress for money to help Turkey and Greece to fight communism; ordered the development of a hydrogen bomb

Question 5

Churchill

Answer 5

agreed with Truman and said iron curtain descended upon Europe

Question 6

east of the curtain

Answer 6

Stalin tightening his grip and trying to spread communism

Question 7

Truman Doctrine

Answer 7

Truman’s promise of aid; set new course for American foreign policy

Question 8

containment

Answer 8

goal of another American policy; use American power to help nations resist communism

Question 9

Marshall Plan

Answer 9

containments 1st success; Marshall’s economic recovery plan for Europe; US gave $13 billion in grants and loans to Western European nations

Question 10

1948 Stalin decided to

Answer 10

block all shipping from western Germany into west Berlin; hope to make the city fall to the communists

Question 11

Berlin airlift

Answer 11

US and Britain stopped Stalin’s plan by airlifting supples, including food, fuel, and clothing into West Berlin; showed that communism can be contained

Question 12

North Atlantic treaty organization

Answer 12

NATO; 12 Western European and North American nations agreed to act together to defend Western Europe; west Germany joined in 1955

Question 13

Warsaw pact

Answer 13

Soviet Union response to NATO; all communist states of Eastern Europe except Yugoslavia promised to defend one another if attacked

Question 14

Jiang Jieshi

Answer 14

known as Chaing Kaishek in US; US supported; allies with Mao against Japan during the war; became enemies

Question 15

Mao Zedong

Answer 15

Soviet Union aided

Question 16

Mao’s communists

Answer 16

took over the Chinese mainland; called their government the peoples republic of china

Question 17

after WW2 US and Soviet Union split

Answer 17

Korea into 2 nations divided by the 38th parallel of latitude

Question 18

June 25, 1950

Answer 18

90,000 north Korean troops armed with Soviet Union weapons crossed the 38th parallel to attack South Korea; Truman sent American troops to join South Korean and United Nations forces

Question 19

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 19

under him attacked the port city of Inchon; drove the North Koreans back north; told Truman china wouldn’t intervene and continued to push forward; distrusted Trumans policy of “limited war”; got fired when he sent a letter to congress condemning the policy

Question 20

November 26, 1950

Answer 20

300,000 Chinese soldiers attacked

Question 21

Eisenhower hinted

Answer 21

might use nuclear weapons to achieve a cease-fire

Question 22

2 things changed

Answer 22

Trumans use of American forces enlarged the power of the presidency; new alliance called the Southeast Asia treaty organization SEATO

Question 23

SEATO

Answer 23

formed to prevent the spread of communism; asian version of NATO

Question 24

September 2, 1949

Answer 24

America learned the soviets had an atomic bomb; world suddenly became more threatening

Question 25

scientists

Answer 25

warned developing the h bomb would lead to a perpetual arms race

Question 26

mutually assured destruction

Answer 26

US and Soviet Union; stockpiling weapons; prevent the other form actually using the weapons

Question 27

massive retaliation

Answer 27

Eisenhower foreign policy emphasized

Question 28

John Foster Dulles

Answer 28

Eisenhower's SOS; believed only by going to the brink of war (brinkmanship) could the US discourage communist aggression

Question 29

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 29

became leader of the Soviet Union in 1953; continued to try to spread communism; shut down students and workers in Hungary from rioting

Question 30

wokers in Poland

Answer 30

rioted against Soviet rule and won greater control of their government

Question 31

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Answer 31

Egypt's president; wanted to build a dam in the Nile River; opened relations with communist china and the Soviet Union and US withdrew its offer to help; nationalized Suez Canal

Question 32

Britain, France, and Israel

Answer 32

in response invaded Egypt; using Suez as excuse took control of canal but withdrew when US wouldn't help

Question 33

Eisenhower Doctrine announced

Answer 33

use force to help any nation threatened by communism; used in 1958 to put down a revolt against a pro-American government in Lebanon

Question 34

Eisenhower administration used

Answer 34

CIA to help return American governments to Iran and Guatemala

Question 35

October 4, 1957

Answer 35

Soviets launched the satellite Sputnik 1

Question 36

response to Sputnik 1

Answer 36

congress passed legislation to educated more scientists and created NASA

Question 37

red scare

Answer 37

public fear that communists were working to destroy America both from within and without; spurred Truman to investigate federal employees

Question 38

1940 smith act

Answer 38

truman administration used to send 11 US communist party members to prison; law against advocating violent overthrow of the government

Question 39

house committee on un-American activities

Answer 39

investigated supervise activities throughout American life including academic institutions, labor unions, and city halls; targeted the Hollywood 10

Question 40

hollywood 10

Answer 40

groups of left wing writers, directors, and producers; refused to testify against themselves and sent to prison

Question 41

blacklist

Answer 41

named entertainment figured suspected of communist ties

Question 42

Alger Hiss

Answer 42

government employee who helped organized the United Nations; denied everything before HUAC but sentenced 5 years in prison

Question 43

Whittaker Chambers

Answer 43

former member of the communist party and espionage agent; named Hiss as one of his government contacts

Question 44

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Answer 44

accused of passing secret information about nuclear science to soviet agents; being persecuted because they were jewish and held unpopular beliefs; convicted in highly controversial trial and executed in 1953

Question 45

Joseph R McCarthy

Answer 45

senator from Wisconsin; claimed he had long lost of communists in the state department; each time asked to give spacific names figures changed; popularity soared; targets grew bigger; went after US army; popularity went down when witnesses saw him twist the truth during tv hearings

Question 46

McCarthyism

Answer 46

became catchword for the senators vicious style of reckless charges

Question 47

end of Korea War an McCarthy's downfall

Answer 47

signaled the decline of the red scare