Chapter 18 Reading

Question 1

nationalism renewed

Answer 1

old grudges among countries

Question 2

militarism

Answer 2

glorification of the military; eventually produced arms race between Germany and Britain at sea; among Germany, France, and Russia on land

Question 3

European leaders preparing for war

Answer 3

strengthened their military and formed allies

Question 4

tripple alliance

Answer 4

Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy

Question 5

tripple entente

Answer 5

France, Russia, and Great Britain

Question 6

Francis Ferdinand

Answer 6

archduke of Austria Hungary; assassinated by Serbian youth

Question 7

Russia

Answer 7

came to aid of Serbia against Australia

Question 8

Germany

Answer 8

declared war on Russia and Belgium; later announced unrestricted submarine warfare against Britain

Question 9

France

Answer 9

Russia’s ally; declared war on Germany

Question 10

Great Britain

Answer 10

declared war on Germany

Question 11

Western front in France

Answer 11

became critical battle front

Question 12

German soldiers

Answer 12

settled onto high ground, dug trenches, and fortified their position

Question 13

French and British

Answer 13

dug trenches after German soldiers

Question 14

new military technology

Answer 14

machine guns and poison gas; led to millions of casualties

Question 15

President Woodrow Wilson called for

Answer 15

Americans to remain impartial

Question 16

swayed American opinion on Germany

Answer 16

brutal German invasion of Belgium

Question 17

U Boat

Answer 17

German submarine

Question 18

Lusitania

Answer 18

British passenger boat sunk by German U Boat

Question 19

Minister Arthur Zimmerman

Answer 19

German foreigner; sent telegram to Mexico proposing alliance between Germany and Mexico

Question 20

Zimmerman note

Answer 20

intercepted by the British and given to American authorities; Americans shocked by its content

Question 21

April 6, 1917

Answer 21

US declared war on Germany

Question 22

selective service act

Answer 22

authorized a draft of young men for military service in Europe

Question 23

War Industries Board (WIB)

Answer 23

headed by Bernard Baruch; regulated all industries engaged in the war effort; urged Americans to conserve food as patriotic gesture

Question 24

Herbert Hoover

Answer 24

head of the food administration; set high prices for food to encourage farmers to increase production

Question 25

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Answer 25

worked to convince the American public the war effort was a just cause

Question 26

George Creel

Answer 26

director of CPI; consumed education and widespread advertising campaign to "sell America"

Question 27

opposed Allies in USA

Answer 27

German Americans and Irish Americans

Question 28

conscientious objectors

Answer 28

people whose moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars

Question 29

Espionage Act

Answer 29

banned subversive newspapers, magazines, or printed materials

Question 30

Sedition Act

Answer 30

extended the Espionage Act of 1917; speech and expression of opinion that cast the government or the war effort in a negative light or interfered with the sale of government bonds

Question 31

Schenck v US

Answer 31

Supreme Court ruled there are times when the First Amendment protections on speech do not apply

Question 32

social changes

Answer 32

created jobs for women; 19th amendment

Question 33

great migration

Answer 33

more than 1.2 million African Americans move to the North to escape racism and find better jobs; Mexican Americans joined in crossing the boarder

Question 34

Germany ending conflict before America could

Answer 34

renewed unrestricted submarine warfare

Question 35

British and America convoys response to Lusitania

Answer 35

provided mutual safety by sending warships to protect merchant ships

Question 36

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 36

led radical communists; gained control of Russia; fighting stopped between Russia and Germany

Question 37

fighting stopping between Russia and Germany

Answer 37

allowing Germany to launch an all out offensive on the western front

Question 38

John J Pershing

Answer 38

led American troops to help stop the German offensive and launch successful counteroffensives

Question 39

Nov 11, 1918

Answer 39

Germany surrendered ending World War 1

Question 40

Fourteen Points

Answer 40

President Woodrow Wilson promoted openness, encouraged independence, and supported freedom; advocated self determination

Question 41

self determination

Answer 41

right of people to choose their own form of self government

Question 42

League of Nations

Answer 42

world organization where countries could gather and peacefully resolve their issues

Question 43

1919

Answer 43

victorious Allies held peace conference in France

Question 44

other Allied leaders insisted

Answer 44

Germany make reparations

Question 45

reparations

Answer 45

payment for war damages

Question 46

map of Europe redrawn

Answer 46

national self determination was violated several times

Question 47

irreconcilable

Answer 47

handful of senators; believed US shouldn't get entangled in world organizations such as the League of Nations

Question 48

reservationists

Answer 48

larger group of senators; opposed to the treaty as it was written

Question 49

without full American support

Answer 49

League of Nations proved unable to maintain peace among nations; Senate didn't ratify the treaty

Question 50

WW1 changes

Answer 50

significant economic, social, political, and cultural changes in America