Chapter 3 Flashcards
(17 cards)
what is perception?
it is the active process of creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting
people, objects and situations
selecting
selecting happens when there are more stimuli in our environment than we can absorb so we select what we identify and acknowledge
organizing
After we select a stimulus, we have to make sense of it.
what are the 4 cognitive schemata used to organize our thinking
-Prototype
- Personal Construct
- Stereotype
- Script
what is a prototype?
-example of someone who is the ideal
what is personal construct?
How we “measure” people or events (mental yardstick)
* Eg. Intelligent – unintelligent
* Responsible-irresponsible
* Assertive-unassertive
* Attractive-unattractive
what is a stereotype?
Envision how people are going to be based on how they appear
what is a script?
Sequences of activities that are expected of us and others in particular situations
what is interpretation?
we explain our perceptions in ways that make sense to us.
what are attributions in interpretation?
Explanation for why something happened or why someone acts a certain way
what is locus?
– attribute to internal or external factors
what is stability?
- Due to stable or unstable factors
what is specificity?
- Global implications or specific
what is responsibility?
- Within personal control or beyond personal control
what are the attribution errors?
-Self-serving Bias
-Fundamental Attribution Error
what is self serving bias?
Tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to situational factors.
what is fundamental attributions?
Overestimating the internal causes of others’ behavior and underestimating the external causes
