Chapter 3

Question 1

The 6 I’s

Answer 1

Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, information gathering, and identification

Question 2

Magnification

Answer 2

The ability to make objects appear enlarged

Question 3

Resolving power

Answer 3

The ability to show detail

Question 4

Refraction

Answer 4

The bending or change in angle of light ray as it passes through a medium such as a lens

Question 5

Simple microscope

Answer 5

Contained a single magnifying lens and a few working parts

Question 6

Compound microscopes

Answer 6

Second magnifying system and a condenser that focuses the light rays to a single point on the object

Question 7

Real image

Answer 7

The initial image of the specimen

Question 8

Virtual image

Answer 8

The second image, will be received by the eye and converted to a retinal ad visual image

Question 9

Resolution or resolving power

Answer 9

Defined the capacity of an optical system to distinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another

Question 10

Numerical aperture (NA)

Answer 10

A mathematical constant derived from the physical structure of the lens

Question 11

Differential interference contrast (DIC)

Answer 11

Provides a detailed view of unstained, live specimen by manipulating the light

Question 12

Fluorescence

Answer 12

The dyes five off visible light when bombarded by shorter ultraviolet rays

Question 13

Wet mounts

Answer 13

Thy can be observed as near to their natural Tate as possible

Question 14

Hanging drop slides

Answer 14

Made with concave

Question 15

Heat fixation

Answer 15

Simultaneously kills the specimen and secures it to the slide

Question 16

Basic dyes (cationic)

Answer 16

Have a positive charge

Question 17

Acidic dyes (anionic)

Answer 17

Have a negative charge

Question 18

Simple stains

Answer 18

Require only a single dye

Question 19

Differential stains

Answer 19

Use two different-colored dyes: primary dye and counter stain

Question 20

Gram positive

Answer 20

Stain purple

Question 21

Gram negative

Answer 21

Stain pink/ red

Question 22

Acid fast bacteria

Answer 22

Stain pink

Question 23

Nonacid fast bacteria

Answer 23

Stain blue/ purple

Question 24

Endospore forming

Answer 24

Stain green

Question 25

Nonendospore forming (vegetative)

Answer 25

Stain pink

Question 26

Structural stains

Answer 26

Used to emphasize cell parts such as capsules, endospores, flagella..

Question 27

Culture

Answer 27

To cultivate microorganisms

Question 28

Medium

Answer 28

Provides an environment where microorganisms can multiply

Question 29

Inoculation

Answer 29

The process of introducing microorganisms to a medium so they an multiply

Question 30

Isolation

Answer 30

If cells are provided adequate space in a nutrient surface, it will grow into a colony

Question 31

Colony

Answer 31

A discrete mound of cells

Question 32

Incubated

Answer 32

Put in a temperature controlled chamber to encourage microbial growth

Question 33

Pure culture

Answer 33

A container of medium that grows only a single known species or type of organism

Question 34

Subculture

Answer 34

A tiny bit of cells is transferred to a separate container of media and incubated

Question 35

Mixed culture

Answer 35

Holds two or more easily differentiated media

Question 36

Contaminants

Answer 36

Unwanted microbes of uncertain identity

Question 37

Biochemical tests

Answer 37

Can determine fundamental chemical characteristics such as nutrient requirements, products given off during growth, presence of enzymes, and mechanisms for deriving energy

Question 38

Liquid media

Answer 38

Water based solutions that do not solidify at temperatures above freezing and tend to flow freely when the container is tilted

Question 39

Semisolid media

Answer 39

Solidifying agent that thickens them but does not produce a firm substrate

Question 40

Solid media

Answer 40

Provide a firm surface where cells can form discrete colonies

Question 41

Agar

Answer 41

A polysaccharide isolated from the red alga Gelidium

Question 42

Nonliquefiable solid media

Answer 42

Do not melt

Question 43

Synthetic (chemically defined composition)

Answer 43

Contain pure chemical nutrients that vary little from one source to another

Question 44

Nonsynthetic (complex) medium

Answer 44

If one component of a given medium cannot be defined

Question 45

General purpose media

Answer 45

Designed to grow a broad spectrum of microbes that don't have special growth requirements ; nonsynthetic

Question 46

Enriched medium

Answer 46

Contains complex organic substances that certain species must be provided in order to grow

Question 47

Fastidious

Answer 47

Bacteria that require growth factors and complex nutrients

Question 48

Selective medium

Answer 48

Contains one or more agents that inhibit the growth of a certain microbe

Question 49

Differential media

Answer 49

Grow several types of microorganisms but are designed to bring out visible differences among those microorganisms

Question 50

Transport media

Answer 50

Used to maintain and preserve specimens that have to be held for a period of time before clinical analysis or to sustain delicate species that die rapidly if not held under stable conditions