Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cell membrane

A

Encases the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The internal matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organelles

A

Complex internal parts of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heredity

A

The transmission of an organisms genome to the next generation by chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of chromosomes and genes of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reproduction

A

The generation of offspring necessary to continue a species line of evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Growth

A

An increase in size of a population through reproduction; also can refer to the enlargement of a single organism during maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Development

A

All changes over the lifespan of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions that all cells need to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Responsiveness

A

The capacity of cells to interact with external factors through irritability, communication, or movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transport

A

A system for controlling the flow of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bacteria

A

A category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Appendages

A

Two groups: those that provide motility (flagella and axial filaments) and those that provide attachments or channels (fimbriae and pili)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flagellum

A

Allows the cell to move about through an aqueous habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The filament of the flagellum

A

A helical structure composed of flagellin (a protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The basal body part of the flagellum

A

A stack of rings firmly anchored through the cell wall to the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Monotrichous

A

Has a single flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lophotrichous

A

Has small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the same site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Amphitrichous

A

Has flagella at both poles of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Peritrichous

A

Flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Positive Chemotaxis

A

A movement of a cell in the direction of a favorable chemical stimulus (usually a nutrient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Negative Chemotaxis

A

A movement away from a repellent compound (potentially harmful)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A flagellum run

A

Rotates counterclockwise, cell swims toward direction of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Flagellum tumble

A

The flagellum reversing its direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Phototaxis
Type of movement in response to light rather than chemicals
26
Spirochetes
A long wormlike mode of locomotion cause by two or more long coiled threads, the periplasmic flagella or axial filaments
27
Fimbria
Smaller common appendages involved in interactions with other cells
28
Pilus
Common bacterial appendages with specialized functions and are also involved in other interactions with other cells
29
Conjugation
The process that uses pilus as a connector for transferring DNA from a donor cell to a recipient
30
Glycocalyx
A coating of macromolecules to protect the cell
31
Slime layer
Protects bacteria from dehydration and loss of nutrients
32
Capsules
Thick, structured layer that is bound more tightly to the cell
33
Gram positive cell layers
Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and the cell membrane
34
Gram negative cell layers
An outer membrane, a thin peptidoglycan layer and the cell membrane
35
Peptidoglycan (PG)
A macromolecule that gives strength and stability
36
Glycan
Long chains cross linked by short peptide fragments within peptidoglycan
37
Lysis
The process of cell destruction, as occurs in bursting
38
Teichoic acid
A polymer of ribitol or glycerol and phosphate embedded into the peptidoglycan sheath
39
Periplasmic space
A site for temporary storage of enzymes that have been released by the cell membrane
40
Outer membrane (OM)
Similar to the cell membrane but contains liposaccharides (LPS)
41
Liposaccharides (LPS) and lipoproteins
Consist of lipid molecules bound to polysaccharides
42
Porins
Proteins found in the upper layer of the outer membrane; have control over molecules entering and leaving the cell
43
Mycolic acid
Long chain of fatty acids
44
Mycoplasmas
Bacteria that lack a cell wall; contains sterols that make it resistant to lysis
45
Pleomorphism
Extreme variations in shape
46
L forms
Wall deficient forms; arise from a mutation in the wall forming genes
47
Protoplast
A fragile cell bounded by only a membrane that is highly susceptible to lysis
48
Spheroplast
A fragile gram negative cell from losing its peptidoglycan yet retaining its outer membrane
49
Cell or cytoplasmic membrane
A lipid bilayer with proteins embedded to varying degrees
50
The fluid mosaic model
Describes a membrane as a continuous bilayer formed by lipids with the polar heads oriented toward the outside and the nonpolar tails toward the center of the membrane
51
Coccus
When the cell is spherical or ball shaped, oval, bean, or pointed variants
52
Bacillus
A cell that is cylindrical (longer than wide) and rod shaped
53
Coccobacillus
Short and plump looking cells
54
Vibrio
Gently curved cell
55
Spirillum
A rigid helix, twisted twice or more along its axis; coil
56
Spirochete
A more flexible form that resembles a spring
57
Pleomorphism
Variations in the cell wall structure caused by nutritional or slight hereditary differences; form or shape
58
Bacterial chromosome
A single circular strand of DNA
59
Nucleoid
The central area of the cell containing DNA
60
Plasmids
Nonessential pieces of DNA
61
Ribosomes
Made of RNA and protein
62
Inclusion bodies or inclusions
Strong nutrients varying in size, number, and content
63
Granules
Contain crystals of compounds and are not enclosed by membranes
64
Metachromatic granules
Stain a contrasting color in the presence of methylene blue dye
65
Endospore
Withstands hostile conditions and facilitates survival
66
Vegetative cell
Metabolically active and growing phase
67
Sporulation
Endospores formed when exposed to certain environmental signals
68
Sporangium
A committed sporulating cell
69
Germination
The breaking of dormancy that happens in the presence of water and a specific agent

Microbiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions