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Sport Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define motivation

A

The internal processes such as your needs thoughts and emotions that give your behaviour energy and direction

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2
Q

____ can help us understand the strength intensity and persistence of motivated behaviour

A

Energy

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3
Q

What are three approaches to understanding motivation for behavioural change

A

Behavioural approaches

Cognitive approaches

Cognitive-behavioural approaches

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4
Q

What is the behavioural approach for motivation

A

An approach to understanding motivated behaviour that focuses on conditioning or learning from the environment

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5
Q

What is the cognitive approach of motivation

A

An approach to understanding motivated behaviour that emphasizes the role of thought patterns and cognitive habits

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6
Q

What is the cognitive behavioural approaches motivation

A

Approaches to understanding motivated behaviour that outline the reciprocal influence between cognitions and behaviour

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7
Q

What are the models (theory) of motivation and behavioural change

A

Transtheoretical model

Theory of planned behaviour

Social cognitive theory

Self determination theory

Achievement goal theory

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8
Q

What is the transtheoretical model

A

A framework to understand how individuals initiate and adopt regular physical activity

Proposes that individuals move through a temporal sequence of 5 stages

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9
Q

What are the five stages of the transtheoretical model

A

Precontemplation

Contemplation

Preparation

Action

Maintenance

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10
Q

Define precontemplation

A

A stage of change in which individuals do not consider exercising

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11
Q

Define contemplation

A

A stage of change in which individuals are considering exercising in the next 6 months

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12
Q

Define preparation

A

A stage of change in which individuals have taken small steps toward becoming more physically active

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13
Q

Define action

A

A stage of change in which individuals have begun exercising in the past 6 months

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14
Q

Define maintenance

A

Stage of change in which individuals exercise and have done so for more then 6 months

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15
Q

What are the factors influencing stage progression in the transtheoretical model

A

Self efficacy

Decisional balance
- advantages and disadvantages of behavioural change

Processes of change
- strategies that individuals use to progress through the stages of change

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16
Q

Theory of planned behaviour

A

Personal and social factors influencing intention to engage in a behaviour

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17
Q

The TPB stipulates that the most proximal determinant of behaviour is ____

A

Intention

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18
Q

Define intention

A

A persons readiness to perform a behaviour

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19
Q

The intention behaviour relationship demonstrates ____ fluctuation with ____ relationships occurring with distal versus proximal measures

A

Temporal

Weaker

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20
Q

What are the three main antecedents that influence behavioural intention

A

Attitude

Subjective norms

Perceived behavioural control

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21
Q

Define attitude

A

Positive or negative evaluations of engaging in a behaviour

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22
Q

Define behavioural beliefs

A

Consideration of the consequences of engaging in a behaviour and evaluation of these consequences

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23
Q

Define subjective norms

A

Perceived social pressures to perform a behaviour from personal and or environmental sources

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24
Q

Normative beliefs

A

Perceptions of the values and importance that significant others place on behavioural engagement

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25
Perceived behavioural control
The extent to which behaviour is volitional
26
Define control beliefs
Perceived barriers and facilitators of engaging in a behaviour
27
Define social cognitive theory
The personal, behavioural and environmental factors that affect and determine behaviour
28
Define reciprocal determinism
Three sets of influences— person environment and behaviour — all interact to influence one another
29
What are the constructs embedded within SCT
Observational learning Goals Outcome expectations Outcome expectancies Self-regulation Behavioural capacity Self-efficacy
30
Define observational learning
Behaviour is learned and acquired by watching the actions and outcomes of others behaviours
31
Define goals
Ambitions that direct people’s behaviour
32
Define outcome expectations
Behaviour is a function of its expected positive and negative consequences
33
Define outcome expectancies
Expectations that a valuable outcome will follow a given behaviour
34
Define self-regulation
Behaviour is self-directed and is initiated monitored and evaluated by the individual in a way that is consistent with accomplishing personal goals
35
Define behavioural capacity
Behaviour is dependent on the individuals knowledge and skills
36
Define self efficacy
Beliefs in ones capabilities to organize and execute the course of action required to produce given attainments
37
What are the four sources of self efficacy
Mastery experience Vicarious experience Social persuasion Physiological and affective states
38
Define mastery experience
Past performance success and failure for similar behaviours influence self-efficacy
39
Define vicarious experience
Modelled behaviours are associated with the development and change in self efficacy
40
Define social persuasion
Verbal and nonverbal feedback from significant knowledge others
41
Define physiological and affective states source of self efficacy
Physical and emotional cues associated with performance and behaviour
42
Define the self determination theory
A global theory of human motivation and development
43
What is the main focus of the SDT framework
The extent to which behaviours such as sport and exercise participation are undertaken volitionally as opposed to being controlled by some external agent or contingency
44
What are the five mini theory’s associated with the SDT
Cognitive evaluation theory Organismic integration theory Causality orientations theory Basic psychological needs theory Goal contents theory
45
Explain the cognitive evaluation theory
Specifies how various conditions shape the development of intrinsic motivations Importance of competence and autonomy to intrinsic motivation
46
Explain the organismic integration theory
Describes the extent to which behaviour is motivated for different extrinsic reasons that represent varying degrees of internalization
47
Define causality orientations theory
Uses personality level constructs to describe individual differences in the degree to which people are autonomous as opposed to controlled
48
Define basic psychological needs theory
Concerned with the nature and function of psychological needs for competence autonomy and relatedness in relation to motivation well being and behaviour change
49
Define the goal contents theory
What people strive to attain The suggestion that the beneficial effects of pursuing intrinsic goals occur regardless of attainment
50
What is the organismic integration theory continuum of motivation And the SDT continuum
OIT: Amotivation Intrinsic regulation ``` SDT: External regulation Introjected regulation Identified regulation Integrated regulation ```
51
Define amotivation
The absence of motivation
52
Define intrinsic regulation
Activity is undertaken because it is enjoyable interesting stimulating or self rewarding
53
Define external regulation
Activities are preformed to fulfill an external demand achieve a reward or avoid punishment
54
Define introjected regulation
Activity is engaged in to avoid negative emotions
55
Define identified regulation
Physical activity participation is linked to important and valued goals
56
Define integrated regulation
Physical activity participation is consistent with a persons identity
57
Define competence
Feeling effective and capable when undertaking challenging tasks
58
Define autonomy
The feeling that one has choice and is in control of ones behaviour
59
Define relatedness
Feeling meaningful connections with others in environments such as exercise
60
For an individual to initiate and maintain any behaviour change the person must experience ___
Competence
61
Define autonomy support
An interpersonal style associated with the provision of choices and options
62
Define structure
An interpersonal style associated with the provision of feedback and the clarification of expectations
63
Define involvement
An interpersonal style whereby individuals feel others are invested in their health and well being
64
Define achievement goal orientation
A theory of motivation that focuses on differences in how individuals evaluate competence and define success and failure
65
Define task goal orientation
Focuses on past performance or knowledge as the origin of perceptions of competence
66
Define ego goal orientation
Performance evaluations are based on comparisons with others as the determinant of competence
67
Define avoidance goals
An individual is focused on avoiding a negative outcome (failure)
68
Define approach goals
An individual is focused on approaching a positive outcome (success)

Sport Psychology (12 decks)

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