Chapter 4

Question 1

Define stress response

Answer 1

Physiological cognitive affective and behavioural reactions when we are faced with heavy demands

Question 2

Define stress

Answer 2

An experience produced through a person situation relationship that is perceived as taxing or exceeding the persons resources

Question 3

Define stressors

Answer 3

External events forces and situations that have the potential to be interpreted as stressful

Question 4

The relationship between stress and emotion

Answer 4

They are similar

We can learn more about what an individual is experiencing what a situation means to an individual and how the individual is likely to respond by looking at the specific emotion that is experienced

Question 5

What are the 15 core emotions in the cognitive motivational relational theory

Answer 5

Anger anxiety fright guilt shame sadness envy jealousy happiness pride relief hope love gratitude and compassion

Question 6

What are the two components of the appraisal process

Answer 6

Primary and secondary

Question 7

Define the primary appraisal

Answer 7

An evaluation of what is at stake for a person in a situation

Question 8

Define secondary appraisal

Answer 8

An evaluation of what can be done in the situation which depends on an individuals available resources level of perceived control and expectations regarding what is likely to occur in the future

Question 9

What are the three appraisals that can result from the primary and secondary appraisals

Answer 9

Harm/loss appraisal

Threat appraisal

Challenge appraisal

Question 10

Define harm/loss appraisal

Answer 10

An evaluation of a situation in which psychological damage has already been done and the loss is irrevocable

Question 11

Define the threat appraisal

Answer 11

An appraisal of a situation where an individual anticipates harm might occur or is likely to occur

Question 12

Define challenge appraisal

Answer 12

An appraisal that although there are obstacles in the way they can be overcome

Question 13

What are three distinction types of stressors in sport contexts

Answer 13

Chronic stressors and acute stressors

Expected and unexpected stressors

Competitive and non competitive stressors

Question 14

Define chronic stressors

Answer 14

Stressors that occur over a long period of time

Question 15

Define acute stressors

Answer 15

Stressors that occur within a short period of time and their onset is much more sudden

Question 16

Define expected stressors

Answer 16

Stressors that an athlete plans or prepared for

Question 17

Define unexpected stressors

Answer 17

Stressors that are not anticipated and cannot be prepared for

Question 18

Define competitive stressors

Answer 18

Stressors that are experienced prior to during or immediately after competition

Question 19

Define non competitive stressors

Answer 19

Stressors that are related to sport but are not directly part of an actual competitive performance

Question 20

Define organizational stressors

Answer 20

Environmental demands associated primarily and directly with the organization within which an individual is operating

Question 21

What are five categories of organizational stressors

Answer 21

Factors intrinsic

Roles in the sport organization

Sport relationships and interpersonal demands

Athletic career and performance development issues

The organizational structure and climate of the sport

Question 22

Define coping

Answer 22

Cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external or internal demands that appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person

Question 23

Define management skills

Answer 23

Behaviours that are routine but that still help the individual to avoid problems and help prevent stress from happening in the first place

Question 24

Define the micro analytic approach to coping

Answer 24

Involves organizing the specific coping strategies that people engage in to cope with stress

Provides a rich description of the diversified coping repertoire of athletes and exercisers

Question 25

Define the macro-analytic approach to coping

Answer 25

Considers the goals or functions of the strategies used by the athletes or exercisers

Question 26

Define problem focused coping

Answer 26

Coping efforts that help people change the actual situation

Question 27

Define emotion focused coping

Answer 27

Coping efforts to change the way a situation is attended to or interpreted to deal with the emotions that arise during the situation.

Question 28

Define avoidance coping

Answer 28

Coping efforts in which athletes attempt to remove themselves from the stressful situation

Question 29

Define task oriented coping

Answer 29

Coping strategies aimed at dealing directly with the source of stress and it’s resulting thoughts and emotions

Question 30

Disengagement orientated coping

Answer 30

Coping strategies to disengage from the process of trying to make progress on a personal goal

Question 31

Define distraction orientated coping

Answer 31

Coping strategies to focus on internal and external stimuli that are unrelated to the stressful situation

Question 32

Define emotion regulation

Answer 32

The processes by which individuals influence which emotions they have when they have them and how they experience and express these emotions

Question 33

A process model of emotion regulation has five types of emotion regulation strategies what are they

Answer 33

Situation selection Situation modification Attentional deployment Cognitive change Response modulation

Question 34

Define situation selection.

Answer 34

An individual takes actions to increase the likelihood of being in situations that will promote emotions she would like to experience

Question 35

Define situation modification

Answer 35

To which an individual tries to influence the situation directly

Question 36

Define attentional deployment

Answer 36

To which an individual regulates his emotions by directing his attention toward a situation

Question 37

Define cognitive change

Answer 37

Which involves changing the emotional significance of the event by changing how one thinks about the event

Question 38

Define response modulation

Answer 38

Refers to an individuals physiological experiential or behavioural responses to try to regulate emotions

Question 39

Define coping effectiveness

Answer 39

A decision about whether or not a coping strategy helped to deal with the problem and or deal with any distress associated with the problem

Question 40

Define good news coping

Answer 40

Coping attempts that are organized flexible and constructive

Question 41

Define bad news coping

Answer 41

Coping attempts that are rigid disorganized and destructive

Question 42

What are the outcomes of coping

Answer 42

Achievement outcomes Emotional outcomes Physical outcomes

Question 43

What are the factors influencing coping

Answer 43

Gender Culture Individual factors Social environmental factors

Question 44

Define self compassion

Answer 44

The desire to be moved by ones own suffering as well as a desire to alleviate that suffering. It involves three components Self kindness Common humanity Mindfulness