Chapter 7

Question 1

Define goal setting

Answer 1

The practice of establishing desirable objectives for ones actions

Question 2

What are the three types of goals that athletes an set

Answer 2

Performance

Process

Outcome

Question 3

Define performance profiling

Answer 3

A flexible assessment tool that allows for the identification of athletes performance related strengths and weaknesses

Question 4

When is performance profiling used

Answer 4

As a first step in developing an intervention program

Question 5

What are the five steps in performance profiling

Answer 5

Identify key performance characteristics of an elite athlete

Identify the ideal rating for each of your characteristics

Rate your current ability for each characteristic on a scale of 1-10 (10 being most important)

Find your discrepancy score by subtracting your current rating from your ideal rating

Prioritize your targets

Question 6

What are goal setting guidelines

Answer 6

Set smart goals

Set goals for practice and competition

Make goals public

State goals positively rather then negatively

Consider the four types of team goals

Review goals regularly

Question 7

Explain SMART goals

Answer 7

Specific

Measurable

Adjustable

Realistic

Timely

Question 8

What are common goal setting problems

Answer 8

Setting too many goals

Failing to recognize individual differences in goal setting interest

Underestimating the time required to set goals

Failing to provide follow up and evaluation

Question 9

Define imagery

Answer 9

An experience that mimics real experience

It differs from dreams in that we are awake and conscious when we form an image

Question 10

What is the analytic model of imagery

Answer 10

Suggests that imagery has cognitive and motivational functions that operate on either a specific or general level

Question 11

Define cognitive general imagery

Answer 11

Images of strategies game plans or routines

Question 12

Define cognitive specific imagery

Answer 12

Images of specific sport skills

Question 13

Define motivational general imagery

Answer 13

Images relating to physiological arousal levels and emotions

Question 14

Define motivational specific imagery

Answer 14

Images related to an individuals goals

Question 15

Define motivational general arousal

Answer 15

Imagery associated with arousal and stress

Question 16

Define motivational general mastery

Answer 16

Imagery associated with the notion of being mentally tough in control and self confident

Question 17

Why do athletes use imagery

Answer 17

Cognitive motivation healing and pain management

Question 18

The use of cognitive specific imagery is conducting to enhancing ___

Answer 18

The learning and performance of motor skills

Question 19

Cognitive general imagery is beneficial when used for \__

Answer 19

When learning and performance play strategies

Question 20

A benefit to using motivational specific imagery would be an increase in __

Answer 20

Athletes motivation to attain their goals

Question 21

Motivational general - mastery imagery use significantly predicted ___

Answer 21

Mental toughness

Question 22

Motivational general mastery imagery was significant predictor of

Answer 22

Self confidence and self efficacy

Question 23

Two types of imagery assessment tools are

Answer 23

Measuring Imagery ability

Assess the frequency of imagery use

Question 24

What are other recommendations for using imagery

Answer 24

Images should be positive

Athletes should be in a good mood when using imagery

Athletes need to be encouraged to use imagery

Less skilled athletes need to be encouraged

Athletes of all ages can benefit from imagery

Slow motion imagery is best employed when the goal is to enhance the learning development review or refinement of skills

Question 25

What is the PETTLEP model of imagery

Answer 25

Physical Environment Task Timing Learning Emotion Perspective

Question 26

Define self talk

Answer 26

Verbalizations or statements that are addressed to the self are multidimensional in nature and dynamic have interpretive elements associated with the content of the self statements employed and serve at least two functions instructional And motivational

Question 27

What are the two basic functions of self talk

Answer 27

Instructional Motivational

Question 28

Define instructional self talk

Answer 28

The overt or covert speech that individuals use for skill development, skill execution strategy development and general performance improvement

Question 29

Define motivational self talk

Answer 29

The overt or covert speech that individuals use for mastery arousal control and drive

Question 30

The self talk grid measures two dimensions of self talk

Answer 30

Valence and directional interpretation

Question 31

What are the six dimensions of self talk

Answer 31

1) valence - positive or negative 2) verbalization - overt or covert 3) self determination - assigned or freely chosen 4) directional interpretation- motivating or demotivating 5) directional intensity - not at all or very much so 6) frequency- often or never

Question 32

What are techniques to reduce arousal

Answer 32

Breathing Progressive relaxation Meditation Autogenic training Biofeedback

Question 33

Define progressive relaxation

Answer 33

The systematic tending and relaxing of specific muscles in a predetermined relaxation

Question 34

Define meditation

Answer 34

A relaxation technique that allows for deep relaxation of the mind which in turn relaxes the body

Question 35

Define autogenic training

Answer 35

Training that focuses on feelings associated with limbs and muscles of the body

Question 36

What are techniques to increase arousal

Answer 36

Pep talks Bulletin boards Pre competitive workouts Verbal cues Breathing Imagery Music

Question 37

Define attention

Answer 37

A multidimensional construct having at least two components Limited resources and selectivity

Question 38

What are the methods of assessing selective attention

Answer 38

Visual occlusion techniques Self report measures

Question 39

Define temporal occlusion

Answer 39

The process of examining the amount of time people take to select the information they need in order to respond

Question 40

Define event occlusion

Answer 40

The process of examining which characteristics of the performance people use to make a correct response

Question 41

Define association

Answer 41

Turning focus inward and towards bodily sensation

Question 42

Define dissociation

Answer 42

Focusing outward and away from the body

Question 43

Define attention simulation training

Answer 43

Training in which athletes replicate the kinds of attention demanding situations they find themselves in during competition

Question 44

Define performance routines

Answer 44

A set sequence of thoughts and actions before the performance of key skills

Question 45

What are attention control strategies

Answer 45

Simulation training Performance routines Attentional cues Imagery

Question 46

Define attentional cues

Answer 46

Words and actions that direct the athletes attention