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Sport Psychology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define arousal

A

Physiological and psychological activation that varies on a continuum from deep sleep to peak activation (or frenzy)

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2
Q

Arousal is activation of ___ nervous system

A

Autonomic

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3
Q

High arousal athletes commonly exhibit ___ physiological and psychological symptoms

A

Both

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4
Q

Define anxiety

A

A negative emotion that is elicited following an appraisal of a situation or event

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of anxiety

A

It is elicited following an appraisal of a specific situation or event

It is universally observed across people of all cultures

It has a distinct physiology

Is is observed through a discrete facial expression

It is associated with a unique set of behaviours that are called action tendencies

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6
Q

Anxiety is composed of ___ and ___ components

A

Mental and physical

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7
Q

The mental component of anxiety is ___

A

Cognitive anxiety

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8
Q

The physical component is called ___ anxiety

A

Somatic anxiety

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9
Q

Define cognitive anxiety

A

Mental component of anxiety referring to worries and concerns

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10
Q

Define somatic anxiety

A

Physical component of anxiety referring to perceptions of body states such as a racing heart or butterflies in the stomach

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11
Q

Somatic anxiety is only experienced to the degree that the athlete becomes _____

A

Aware of arousal symptoms

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12
Q

Define social anxiety

A

A specific sub-type of anxiety that occurs when people believe they will receive a negative evaluation from others

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13
Q

Define competitive anxiety

A

A subtype of social anxiety that occurs in competitive sport situations and results from worry about their body performance or skills being evaluated negatively by others

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14
Q

Define social physique anxiety

A

A specific sub type of social anxiety that occurs when people are worried about receiving a negative evaluation about their body from others

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15
Q

Define state anxiety

A

Anxiety that is experienced at a particular moment in time and can change from moment to moment

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16
Q

Define trait anxiety

A

A general predisposition to perceive a variety of situations as threatening

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17
Q

Anxiety and stress are considered to be ____ process rather then ___ events

A

Ongoing

Single

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18
Q

What are dimensions of the anxiety response

A

Intensity of symptoms

Frequency of cognitive intrusions

Directional interpretation of symptoms

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19
Q

What are sources of anxiety

A

Personal source

Environment based source

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20
Q

What are personal sources of anxiety

A

Experience and skill level

Gender

Trait anxiety

Self confidence and self presentational beliefs

Self regulation strategies

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21
Q

What are environment based sources

A

Temporal patterning in the sport environment

Exercise the physical environment

Other people in the exercise environment

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22
Q

What is experience and skill level source of anxiety

A

More skilled athletes view anxiety symptoms to be facilitative or helpful for performance

Less skilled athletes view anxiety symptoms to be debilitative or harmful for sport performance

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23
Q

Explain personal gender source of anxiety

A

Female athletes report higher intensities of trait and state anxiety symptoms prior to competition in comparison with male athletes

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24
Q

Explain trait anxiety source of anxiety

Study These Flashcards
A

Competitiveness extraversion hardiness neuroticism optimism pessimism perfectionism self consciousness and self esteem

25
Define competitive trait anxiety
The tendency for Athletes to experience anxiety during competitive sport situations
26
Define self presentation
The process by which people attempt to monitor and control the impressions that other people form of them
27
Define self presentational efficacy
Confidence in ones ability to successfully present a desired image to others
28
Define self handicapping
Behaviours that are used in performance settings such as sport or exercise in order
29
Explain temporal patterning in the sport environment
The intensity of an athletes anxiety response changes during the lead up to a competitive event as well as over the course of the event
30
___ anxiety remains low intensity until several hours prior to competition
Somatic
31
During and after competition the intensity level of ___ anxiety decreases
Somatic
32
Sources of anxiety the physical environment
Specific factors in the exercise environment may also be sources of anxiety Presence of mirrors can increase levels of state and social anxiety
33
Sources of anxiety and other people
Exercising in the presence of others can increase anxiety in women
34
Self presentation occurs when people try to ____
Control how others see them
35
Individuals high in social physique anxiety may exercise ____
More as a way to improve their bodies and therefore receive positive evaluations from others
36
Social physique anxiety led to ___ levels of physical activity only in women with ___ levels of self presentational efficacy
Lower Low
37
What are the anxiety sport performance relationship models
Drive theory and inverted U hypothesis Zones of optimal functioning theory Cusp catastrophe theory
38
Explain the drive theory
Drive theory suggests that performance is a function of two factors ; habit strength and arousal or drive
39
The more well-learned a task (which is the habit strength) and the greater the arousal (higher drive) the ___
Better the performance
40
Higher levels of arousal lead to ____ performance
Better
41
Explain the inverted U hypothesis
This theory suggests that performance improves as arousal increases but only up to a certain point
42
What is the optimal level of arousal
It differs from skill to skill and person to person
43
Explain zones of optimal functioning theory
That an athlete who is within his or her identified optimal competitive state anxiety zone will be more likely to have a best athletic performance
44
Explain the cusp catastrophe theory
Attempts to describe the combined or interactive influences of the multiple components of competitive anxiety and physiological arousal on athletic performance rather then looking at them separately
45
The cusp catastrophe theory is three dimensional what are the three dimensions
Interaction of physiological arousal (rather then somatic) Cognitive anxiety Performance
46
What are the five predictions the cusp catastrophe theory makes
When cognitive anxiety is low the relationship between physiological arousal and performance is uniform or an inverted U shape When physiological arousal is low elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with enhanced performance relative to baseline When physiological arousal is high elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with declines in performance When cognitive state anxiety is high, increases in physiological arousal can be positive for performance but only up to a certain point When physiological arousal is moderately high and cognitive state anxiety is high it is predicted that a dramatic performance drop
47
What are two underlying mechanisms of the anxiety performance relationship
Attentional mechanisms Physiological mechanisms
48
How many attentional mechanisms
3
49
What is the first attentional focus problem
Attentional focus and selectivity hypothesis
50
What is the selectivity hypothesis
States that an elevation in competitive state anxiety reduces the ability to attend to and process large amounts of information
51
Explain the second attentional focus problem
Highly anxious athletes attend to threatening task irrelevant information to a greater extent then low anxious athletes
52
Explain the third attentional focus problem
During high pressure sport situations heightened anxiety is associated with increases in a performers self conscious awareness about the performance which becomes disruptive for expert performance of motor skills
53
Explain physiological mechanisms
The relationship between competitive anxiety and athletic performance can also be explained through anxiety related changes to the functional patterns of muscle activation
54
Elevated physiological arousal can ___ anaerobic power which in turn may ___ the performance of simple tasks such as jumping
Increase Elevate
55
Define choking
An acute significant decrement in performance that occurs in situations of high pressure or anxiety
56
Why does choking occur
According to the cusp theory high levels of cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal should create a situation where choking may occur
57
Define reinvesting
Consciously controlling physical movements even for well-learned tasks rather then performing them automatically
58
Who is more likely to choke
Those with high levels of trait anxiety and athletes with low self confidence

Sport Psychology (12 decks)

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