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ATI Pediatrics-MJ > Chapter 3: Health promotion of Infants (1m-1y) > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Health promotion of Infants (1m-1y) Flashcards

1
Q

When does the infants posterior (back) fontanel close?

A

6-8 weeks

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2
Q

When does the infants anterior (front) fontanel closer?

A

12-18 months

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3
Q

How much weight do infants gain first 6 months of life?

A

5-7oz PER WEEK

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4
Q

Birth weight is ___ by age 6 months and is ____ by 12 months

A

doubled by 6 months

tripled by 12 months

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5
Q

How tall do infants grow per month during the first 6 months of life?

A

1 in per month

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6
Q

How tall do infants grow 6-12 months of life?

A

Spurts

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7
Q

The birth length has increased ___ by age 12 months

A

50%

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8
Q

The circumference of infants head increases approximately ___ per month for the first 6 months of life, and then approx. ___ between 6-12 months/

A
  1. 5 cm

0. 5 cm

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9
Q

How many teeth should the infant have by end of first year? When do the first teeth erupt?

A

6-8; 6-10 months

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10
Q

How can teething be eased?

A
  • Cold teething rings
  • OTC teething gels
  • Acetaminophen or ibuprofen appropriate if irritability interfere with sleeping and feeding but should NOT be used more than THREE DAYS (ibuprofen only used in 6months+)
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11
Q

How can a parent clean an infants teeth?

A

Cool, wet washcloth

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12
Q

Can bottles be given to infants when they are falling asleep?

A

No–it can cause prolonged exposure to milk or juice and can cause early childhood carries

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13
Q 
Gross or fine motor skill:
Grasp reflex (1 month)
A

Fine

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14
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Raises head and shoulders off mattress when prone; only slight head lag (3 months)

A

Gross

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15
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Lifts head off mattress when prone (2 months)

A

Gross

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16
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Holds hands in an open position (2 months)

A

Fine

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17
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Rolls from back to side (4 months)

A

Gross

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18
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Uses palmar grasp dominantly (5 months)

A

Fine

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19
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Demonstrates head lag (1 month)

A

Gross

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20
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:
No longer has a grasp reflex &
Keeps hands loosely open (3 months)

A

Fine

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21
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Places objects in mouth (4 months)

A

Fine

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22
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Rolls from back to front (6 months)

A

Gross

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23
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Rolls from front to back (5 months)

A

Gross

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24
Q 
Gross or fine motor skill: 
Holds bottle (6 months)
A

Fine

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25
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Tries to build a 2 block tower without success (12 months)

A

Fine

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26
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Begins using pincer grasp (8 months)

A

Fine

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27
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Bears full weight on feet (7 months)

A

Gross

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28
Q 
Gross or fine motor skill:
Sits unsupported (8 months)
A

Gross

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29
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Has a crude pincer grasp (9 months)

A

Fine

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30
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Grasps rattle by its handle (10 months)

A

Fine

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31
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Places objects into a container; neat pincer grasp (11 months)

A

Fine

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32
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Changes from a prone to sitting position (10 months)

A

Gross

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33
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Pulls to standing position and creeps on hands and knees instead of crawling (9 months)

A

Gross

34
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Walks while holding onto something (11 months)

A

Gross

35
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Moves objects from hand to hand (7 months)

A

Fine

36
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Sits down from a standing position without assistance (12 months)

A

Gross

37
Q

What is Piagets stage of cognitive development for an infant?

A

Sensorimotor stage (birth-24 months)

38
Q

What are the 3 important tasks accomplished in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage?

A
  1. Separation
  2. Object permanence
  3. Mental representation
39
Q

The process by which infants know that an object still exists when it is out of view. Occurs approx. 9 months of age

A

Object permanence

40
Q

Infants learn to separate themselves from other objects in the environment

A

Separation

41
Q

The recognition of symbols

A

Mental representation

42
Q

What is the first form of verbal communication for an infant?

A

Crying

43
Q

In regards to language development, what can an infant do by 1 year?

A

Say 3-5 words and comprehends “no”

44
Q

What is Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development for an infant?

A

Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year)

45
Q

Trust is developed by meeting ___, ___, ___, and ____ needs

A

Comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring

46
Q

Mistrust develops if needs are ____ or ______ met, or if needs are continually met before being ______

A

Inaequately or inconsistently met or if needs are continuously met before being VOCALIZED BY THE INFANT

47
Q

When is attachment seen?

A

Within the first month, but it actually begins before birth

48
Q

When does separation anxiety begin?

A

Around 4-8 months

49
Q

When does stranger fear become evident?

A

6-8 months

50
Q

Infants discover that ___ are pleasure producers. ____ are objects of play. ____ causes others to react

A

Mouth=pleasure producer
Hands and feet= object of play
Smiling= causes others to react

51
Q

Is it good to let infants plat with each other?

A

Not really–infants have short attention spans and won’t interact with other children during play–give infants toys that stimulate the senses (rattles, teething toys, nesting toys, play pat-a-cake, read books to them, mirrors, brightly colored toys, play with blocks)

52
Q

What immunization is given at birth?

A

Hep B

53
Q

What immunization is given at 2 months (6)?

A 
DTaP
RV
IPV
Hib
PCV
Hep B
54
Q

What immunizations are given at 4 months?

A 
DTap
RV
IPV
Hib
PCV
55
Q

What immunizations are given at 6 months?

A 
DTaP
IPV
PCV
Heb B
RV
Hib
56
Q

What immunizations are given at 6-12 months?

A

Seasonal flu

57
Q

Can an infant have cow milk?

A

No

58
Q

When should Vit. D supplements be given to infant?

A

Within first few days of life

59
Q

____ supplements are recommended for infants who are being exclusively breasted after the age of 4 months

A

Iron

60
Q

Is it ok to give water or juice during the first 4 months of life?

A

Not needed

61
Q

After age 6 months, how much 100% fruit juice should an infant get?

A

NO more than 4-6oz per day!!

62
Q

When are solids introduced?

A

4-6 months of age

63
Q

What are indicators of readiness for solid foods?

A

Voluntary control of the head and trunk

Disappearance of the extrusion reflex

64
Q

What solid is introduced to an infant first?

A

Iron fortified cereal

65
Q

How should new foods be introduced?

A

One at a time over a 4-7 day period to observe for signs of allergy or intolerance

66
Q

What are signs of allergy or intolerance to new foods?

A

Fussiness
Rash
V/D
Constipation

67
Q

When are vegetables and fruits started?

A

6-8 months

68
Q

After vegetables and fruits have beens started, what is given next?

A

Meats

69
Q

What 3 types of food are not started until after 6 months?

A

Citrus fruits
Meat
Eggs

70
Q

Should breastmilk be decreased as solids are introduced?

A

Yes, but should still remain the primary source of nutrition for an infant through 1st year

71
Q

When can table foods that are cooked, chopped, and unseasoned be given to the infant?

A

9 months

72
Q

What are some appropriate finger foods?

A 
Ripe banana 
Toast strips
Graham crackers
Cheese cubes
Noodles
Peeled chunks of apple, pear, or peaches
73
Q

When is nocturnal sleep pattern established?

A

3-4 months

74
Q

Infants sleep ___ daily and ___ at night around 4 months.

A

14-15 hour daily; 9-11 at night

75
Q

When do infants sleep through the night? How many naps do they take in the day?

A

12 months; 1-2 naps

76
Q

What should hot water thermostats be set at to avoid burns?

A

120 F

77
Q

When should crib mobiles be removed? Why?

A

4-5 months; so no chance of suffocation from that

78
Q

How should infants be placed to sleep?

A

On their backs

79
Q 
A nurse is assessing a 12 month old at a well-child visit. Which of the following should the nurse report to the provider?
A. Closed anterior fontanel
B. Eruption of 6 teeth
C. Birth weight doubled
D. Birth length increased by 50%
A

C- birth weight should be tripled at 12 months

80
Q 
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 10 month old infant. Which of the following FINE motor skills should the infant be able to perform (select all that apply)
A. Grasp a rattle by handle
B. Try building 2 block tower
C. Use a crude pincer grasp
D.Place objects in container
E. Move objects from hand to hand
A

A, C, E

81
Q 
A nurse is conducting a well-baby visit with a 4 month old. What immunizations should the nurse administer to the infant?
A. MMR
B. IPV
C. PCV
D. Varicella
E. RV
A

B, C, E

82
Q 
A nurse is providing education about introducing new foods to the parents of a 4 month old. To best supply nutrients, the nurse should recommend that parents introduce which of the following first?
A. Strained yellow vegetables
B. Iron-fortified cereal
C. Pureed fruits
D. Whole milk
A

B

ATI Pediatrics-MJ (41 decks)

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