Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth Flashcards
(19 cards)
Germinal Period
The first stage of prenatal development, in which the single-celled zygote divides and implants into the uterus in the first week of development
Embryonic Period
The second stage of prenatal development, in weeks 2 through 8, in which the embryo develops the major parts of its body – from legs to brain
Fetal Period
The third stage of prenatal development, weeks 9 through birth, in which the fetus begins to look like a baby and adds pounds and the organs and brain structures that will allow it to survive on its own
Organogenesis
The process of formation of organs in the first 8 weeks of embryonic development
Apgar Scale
A quick medical evaluation of breathing, activity, responsiveness, and heart rate that assesses which newborns need immediate medical care
Teratogen
Factors in a parent’s body or the environment that damage the fetus
Ex: Covid, lead paint, car exhaust | parent’s age, level of stress, depression, or anxiety
Breech Position
the baby’s bottom is down
Preterm/Premature infants
Birth that occurs less than 35 weeks after fertilization
What are some of the causes of birth defects, preterm birth and low birth weight?
Teratogens
Substance Abuse
Smoking/drugs
Chronic illnesses
Periods of prenatal development
Germinal Stage
Embryonic Stage
Fetal Stage
Amniotic Sac
A tough, fluid-filled transparent membrane that gives the embryo an extra layer of protection (like bubble wrap)
Placenta
An organ that allows energy and waste to be transferred between the parent’s body and the developing embryo through the umbilical cord
Takes care of the baby’s eating, breathing, and waste
When does neural connectivity begin?
5 weeks after conception
5 weeks after conception
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
a tool used to evaluate the newborn’s behavioral responses, reflexes, and motor skills
Palmar Grasp
If you press a newborn’s palm, their fingers will curl in
Moro Reflex
If a newborn feels as if they are falling, their arms will swing in and out suddenly
Plantar Grasp
if you press the sole of a newborn’s food, their toes will curl in
Rooting Reflex
If a newborn cheek is touched, they will turn their head and open their mouth in preparation for nursing
What is infertility?
Failing to get pregnant after at least 12 months of trying
