Wrap up Chapter 8 Flashcards
Adrenarche
The first hormonal changes preparing the body for puberty typically occurring between ages 5- and 9.
Primary Sex Characteristics
The physical markers that babies are typically born with, like genitals
Secondary Sex Characteristics
The physical markers of what makes people look like adult males or females after puberty. Includes pubic hair, facial hair, the Adam’s apple, and breasts.
Concrete Operations
Children’s ability to perform logical operations/transformations, in their minds and apply them to concrete or real-life situations
Metamemory
The awareness of the process of remembering
Typically apparent by elementary school
Concrete Operational Stage/The Stage of Concrete Operations
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development occurring in middle childhood in which children’s logical thinking abilities gradually improve as they begin to understand problems of greater complexity
Metacognition
Awareness of how you are thinking and reflecting on it
Can maximize learning and productivity
Creative Intelligence
The generation of new ideas
Multiple Intelligences
Gardner’s idea that intelligence is a broad set of discrete abilities and that all children have components of all these intelligences
Analytic Intelligence
Thinking abstractly and solving problems
Practical Intelligence
Applying ideas to real life (common sense)
Theory of Successful Intelligence
Sternberg’s idea that intelligence can best be measured by how you create a successful life through three types of intelligence
Pragmatics
Knowing how to talk with other people, including what is appropriate to talk about, and how to interpret tone of voice, gestures, and other cues
Whole-Language Approach
Instruction that is based on the idea that children will learn how to read more effectively in an environment that weaves literacy into everything they do
Self-efficacy
The belief in one’s ability to make a change or have an impact
Motivation is sparked by a sense of this
Grit
The ability to persevere in order to achieve a long-term goal
Semantic Memory
Remembering facts, lists, and dates of unrelated information
Difficult for young children
Working Memory
A type of short-term memory that is essential to learning and to problem solving
Selective Attention
One’s ability to control their focus
Information-Processing Perspective
looks at the components of thinking, including executive function, memory, and the ability to think about and use these new cognitive strategies
