Wrap up Chapter 7 Flashcards
Initiative vs Guilt
Erikson’s third stage of development, which occurs between ages 3 and 5 and involves the conflict between children’s enthusiasm to try new things independently and their remorse when they get things wrong
Gender Identity
Someone’s sense of self as a girl, boy, or another less binary or more fluid label
Solitary Play
Playing by yourself
Maltreatment
The general term scholars use to describe the many types of abuse and neglect of children by adults who are responsible for them
Gender Schemas
A framework for understanding the world in terms of cultural expectations related related to gender identity
Authoritarian
A type of caregiving in which caregivers have high expectations for their children’s behavior but very little warmth. Authoritative parents make rules and expect their children to obey them.
Low warmth; High demandingness
Permissive
Caregiving without rules. Permissive parents have low expectations for children’s behavior but a high degree of affection
High warmth; Low demandingness
Gender Roles
The social and cultural ideas a person holds about appropriate behaviors or roles of people based on their gender
Sociodramatic Play
Play that involves pretending to be something you are not and requires symbolic thought and theory of mind
Authoritative
A type of caregiving associated with confident and successful children in which caregivers have high expectations for their children’s behavior, but they also are warm and communicative
High warmth and demandingness
Inductive Reasoning
A disciplinary approach that relies on motivating children to change their behavior through talk
Explains reasonings and listens to the child’s perspectives
Neglectful
Caregiving without warmth or expectations. Children from neglectful families are at high risk for emotional and behavioral difficulties as they grow up.
Low warmth; Low demandingness
Self-Concept
A sense of who you are
Cooperative Play
Playing together on a joint project
Onlooker Play
A preschooler observes other children playing but is not enraged in it
Parallel Play
When children play physically close together but are not working on a shared project
Reactive Aggression
A hostile action out of frustration or anger in an immediate reaction to something that has just happened
Functional Play
Play that has a goal or achievement orientation, such as art, puzzles, rule-based games, and physical skills such as hopping, climbing, etc
Proactive Aggression/Instrumental Aggression
Aggression that is planned and executed on purpose to gain personal advantage
