Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings Flashcards
(21 cards)
Behavior genetics
the study of how genes and environment interact to influence individual differences in behavior – looks at nature and nurture
Epigenetics
An area of study within the biological perspective that examines how physical and inborn characteristics, including gene activation, are changed by a person’s environment
Evolutionary Psychology
A perspective that suggest that living to late adulthood helped our species thrive because in ancient times, older adults provided the extra help enabling ancient families to hunt, gather, and keep their children safe
Zygote
A new human cell with 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs
Genotype
The genome that contributes to your phenotype
Phenotype
Your individual, observable characteristics
Sickle Cell Anemia
an inherited blood disorder where red blood cells are misshapen and rigid, resembling sickles or crescent moons, due to a genetic mutation – keeps the body from getting enough oxygen
Fragile X syndrome
a genetic condition that causes a range of developmental problems including learning disabilities and cognitive impairment
Delayed speech and language by age 2
Phenylketonuria
a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body
Down Syndrome
Condition caused by an extra 21st chromosome that results in anomalies in brain development and may also impair muscle tone and cardiovascular development
Klinefelter syndrome
where boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome
Revolutionary psychology and it’s importance when studying development
The idea that life on earth develops and changes to adapt to the environment over successive generations
Phenotype
our individual observable characteristics
Ex: Sickle cell disease
Genotype
The genome that contributes to your phenotype
Ex: Whether you carry an atypical HBB allele
Susceptibility genes
genetic variations that increase an individual’s likelihood of developing a particular disease or condition
Longevity genes
a group of genes associated with extended lifespans and healthy aging
Mutated genes
genetic sequences that have undergone changes or alterations in their DNA structure
The epigenetic view
a development emphasizes that development is a continuous, interaction between genes and the environment
Gene-environment interaction
when individuals with different genotypes respond differently to the same environmental conditions, leading to variations in their phenotypes.
Nature
the extent to which our genes influence our development and behavior.
Nurture
environmental factors influence our development and behavior
