Chapter 31: Plants and the Conquest of Land (Book Questions)

Question 1

The kingdom _____________ is composed of land plants.

Answer 1

Plantae

Question 2

Select the characteristics that are common to all streptophytes.

Multiple select question.

Vascular systems

Cellulose-rich cell walls

Starch in plastids

Apical meristems

Multicellularity

Answer 2

Cellulose-rich cell walls

Starch in plastids

Question 3

Plants originated from a photosynthetic _____ ancestor.

Multiple choice question.

fungal

archaean

opisthokont

protist

Answer 3

protist

Question 4

The bodies of land plants are made of several types of ______ which are close associations of cells of the same type.

Multiple choice question.

spores

chloroplasts

tissues

organelles

Answer 4

tissues

Question 5

In bryophytes, one adaptation to a terrestrial environment is that an apical __________ produces three-dimensional plant parts.

Answer 5

meristem or meristems

Question 6

Choose all that belong in the kingdom Plantae.

Multiple select question.

Lycophytes

Green algae

Kelp

Mosses

Answer 6

Lycophytes

Mosses

Question 7

Although diverse, streptophytes all have cell walls made of ________

Answer 7

cellulose

Question 8

The land plants evolved from a:

Multiple choice question.

euglenoid

red alga

streptophyte alga

multicellular fungus

Answer 8

streptophyte alga

Question 9

The main role of gametophytes is to produce

Multiple choice question.

diploid gametes

triploid gametes

haploid gametes

Answer 9

haploid gametes

Question 10

A tissue is defined as:

Multiple choice question.

a group of cells that are the same size

all cells that originated from a meristem

an association of similar types of cells

all the cells in an organ

Answer 10

an association of similar types of cells

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the alternation of generations life cycle is true?

Multiple choice question.

The sporophyte is haploid, while the gametophyte is diploid

Both the sporophyte and gametophyte are diploid; they just alternate in time

Both the sporophyte and gametophyte are haploid; they just differ in size

The sporophyte is diploid, while the gametophyte is haploid

Answer 11

The sporophyte is diploid, while the gametophyte is haploid

Question 12

Select all that apply

Select all traits that illustrate adaptation of bryophytes to a terrestrial environment.

Multiple select question.

Apical meristems

Specialized vascular tissue

Lignified cell walls

Alternation of generations

Answer 12

Apical meristems

Alternation of generations

Question 13

The division Anthophyta contains ________, which are also known as flowering plants.

Answer 13

angiosperms

Question 14

The presence of internal water and nutrient-conducting tissues that also provide structural support is a characteristic of plants called _______ plants

Answer 14

vascular

Question 15

Multiple Choice Question
In land plants, gametes are produced when:

Multiple choice question.

sporophyte cells undergo mitosis

gametophyte cells undergo meiosis

sporophyte cells undergo meiosis

gametophyte cells undergo mitosis

Answer 15

gametophyte cells undergo mitosis

Question 16

In the alternation of generations life cycle of land plants, organisms can shift between a diploid _________ generation and a haploid _________ generation.

Answer 16

sporophyte; gametophyte

Question 17

Select all that apply

Select all of the following that are members of the informal group called bryophytes.

Multiple select question.

Lycophytes

Hornworts

Liverworts

Gymnosperms

Mosses

Answer 17

Hornworts

Liverworts

Mosses

Question 18

Select all features that enhance the ability of bryophytes to live on land.

Multiple select question.

Multicellular embryos

flagellated sperm

external fertilization

thick-walled spores

Answer 18

Multicellular embryos

thick-walled spores

Question 19

True or False: Angiosperms are also called flowering plants.

True false question.
True
False

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The three major plant organs contain ______ tissue.

Multiple choice question.

vascular

non-vascular

Answer 20

vascular

Question 21

Vascular plants contain:

Multiple choice question.

water-conducting but not nutrient-conducting tissues

both water-conducting and nutrient-conducting tissues

nutrient-conducting but not water-conducting tissues

neither water-conducting nor nutrient-conducting tissues

Answer 21

both water-conducting and nutrient-conducting tissues

Question 22

Xylem and phloem enable plants to conduct organic compounds, _____, and __________ through the plant body.

Answer 22

water, minerals

Question 23

The main function of plant leaves is to carry out ________

Answer 23

photosynthesis

Question 24

The ______ life cycle exhibited by bryophytes illustrates an adaptation for life on land.

Multiple choice question.

diploid dominant

alternation of generations

haploid dominant

mitosis-independent

Answer 24

alternation of generations

Question 25

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are collectively referred to as ______ plants. Multiple choice question. vascular seed flowering

Answer 25

seed The reason why vascular is the wrong answer. The correct answer is seed plants. Not all vascular plants can be classified as angiosperms or gymnosperms. For example, ferns are vascular plants but are NOT seed plants.

Question 26

Select all that apply The major plant organs include: Multiple select question. lignin leaves tracheids roots stems

Answer 26

leaves roots stems

Question 27

Gymnosperms and angiosperms reproduce with: Multiple choice question. seeds only lignins and cutins spores only both spores and seeds

Answer 27

both spores and seeds

Question 28

Select all that apply Select all features common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Multiple select question. Presence of vascular tissue Reproduction using spores Nourishment of embryo by endosperm Production of seeds within fruits

Answer 28

Presence of vascular tissue Reproduction using spores

Question 29

Spermatophytes produce complex structures having specialized tissues that protectively enclose and nourish embryos. These structures are called __________

Answer 29

seeds

Question 30

Select all that apply Select all structures produced by gymnosperms. Multiple select question. Endosperm Seeds Fruits Vascular tissue Flowers

Answer 30

Seeds Vascular tissue

Question 31

The two types of seed plants are ________ and ____________

Answer 31

gymnosperms; angiosperms

Question 32

Angiosperm seeds are unique in that they possess a specialized seed tissue called _________

Answer 32

endosperm

Question 33

What organisms reproduce using spores and seeds? Multiple choice question. Neither angiosperms nor gymnosperms Angiosperms & gymnosperms Only gymnosperms Only angiosperms

Answer 33

Angiosperms & gymnosperms

Question 34

What is the nutritive tissue in the seeds of angiosperms? Multiple choice question. Calyx Peduncle Radicle Gymnosperm Endosperm

Answer 34

Endosperm

Question 35

Which of the following characteristics separates angiosperms from gymnosperms? Multiple choice question. Gymnosperms have vascular tissues but angiosperms do not. Only gymnosperms reproduce using both spores and seeds. Angiosperms lack endosperm in their seed tissue unlike gymnosperms. Angiosperms have flowers and fruits that gymnosperms lack.

Answer 35

Angiosperms have flowers and fruits that gymnosperms lack.

Question 36

Select all that apply Select all effects of the first land plants on life on Earth. Multiple select question. They moved vast amounts of water from the soil to the atmosphere They added to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels They aided animals in the colonization of land They helped to create the first substantial soils

Answer 36

They aided animals in the colonization of land They helped to create the first substantial soils

Question 37

Ancient nonvascular plants likely influenced climate by sequestering ______ from the atmosphere. Multiple choice question. calcium oxygen sulfur nitrogen carbon

Answer 37

carbon

Question 38

_______________ is the nutritive seed tissue that enhances the efficiency of food storage in the seeds of flowering plants.

Answer 38

endosperm

Question 39

Early bryophyte-like plants influenced Earth's past climate by _________ the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Answer 39

lowering

Question 40

A billion years ago, photosynthetic life on land was likely composed of: Multiple choice question. mosses and liverworts cyanobacteria cyanobacteria and red algae hornworts

Answer 40

cyanobacteria

Question 41

Sixty-five million years ago at least one large meteorite crashed into Earth near the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. This is referred to as: Multiple choice question. the Big Bang the K/T event the T/K event the C/K event

Answer 41

the K/T event

Question 42

The development of decay resistant tissues in early vascular plants likely led to: Multiple choice question. an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

Answer 42

a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

Question 43

A life cycle in which the only diploid cell is the zygote is referred to as a(n) _______-___________ life cycle

Answer 43

haploid; dominant

Question 44

When plants are buried and only partially decomposed, carbon is prevented from entering the __________

Answer 44

atmosphere

Question 45

In bryophytes, ______ hold sperm, and ______ hold eggs. Multiple choice question. archegonia; antheridia oogonia; spermatogonia spermatogonia; oogonia antheridia; archegonia

Answer 45

antheridia; archegonia

Question 46

The _______ is the dominant generation in the bryophyte life cycle.

Answer 46

gametophyte, bryophyte gametophytes, haploid, or gametophytes

Question 47

Early land plants caused a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels because: Multiple choice question. their bodies did not always decompose they generated oxygen, which occupied some of the atmospheric space taken by carbon dioxide they took up nitrogen from the soil, which then altered the balance of atmospheric nitrogen and other gases in the atmosphere they supported the evolution of animal life, which altered the composition of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Answer 47

their bodies did not always decompose

Question 48

The Cretaceous-Paleogene event occurred _______ million years ago.

Answer 48

65

Question 49

All of the following are examples of vascular plants EXCEPT: Multiple choice question. bryophytes angiosperms pteridophytes lycophytes gymnosperms

Answer 49

bryophytes

Question 50

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true of the haploid-dominant life cycle? Multiple select question. The diploid generation consists of one cell. There is an alternation of generations. The diploid generation consists of two cells. The zygote is the only cell that undergoes meiosis. There are both haploid and diploid multicellular bodies.

Answer 50

The diploid generation consists of one cell. The zygote is the only cell that undergoes meiosis.

Question 51

During fertilization in bryophytes, a gametophyte structure called the antheridium releases ______ cells, which swim toward the ______ cell that is contained in a gametophyte structure called the archegonium. Multiple choice question. egg; sperm sperm; egg microspore; megaspore megaspore; microspore

Answer 51

sperm; egg

Question 52

Select all that apply Select all statements that are true for the sporophytes of vascular plants, but not bryophytes. Multiple select question. Less conspicuous than gametophytes Able to branch Become independent of gametophytes Have short lifespans

Answer 52

Able to branch Become independent of gametophytes

Question 53

What is the dominant generation in the bryophyte life cycle? Multiple choice question. Sporophyte Zygote Archegonium Gametophyte

Answer 53

Gametophyte

Question 54

One of the first critical innovations in land plants was the: Multiple choice question. gametes produced by meiosis flower cellulose in cell walls embryo

Answer 54

embryo

Question 55

True or false: Bryophytes are nonvascular plants. True false question. True False

Answer 55

True

Question 56

_________ are the multicellular, diploid products of mitosis of the zygote. They were one of the first critical innovations in land plants.

Answer 56

Embryos or Embryo

Question 57

Select all that apply Select all vascular plant innovations that evolved multiple times. Multiple select question. Embryos Leaves Alternation of generations Spores Seeds

Answer 57

Leaves Seeds

Question 58

Select all that apply Select all characteristics of the sporophytes of bryophytes. Multiple select question. Inability to branch Able to produce sporangia on lateral branches Remain attached to gametophytes Short lifespans Larger than gametophyte

Answer 58

Inability to branch Remain attached to gametophytes Short lifespans

Question 59

The tiny leaves of modern lycophytes are called __________.

Answer 59

lycophylls or microphylls

Question 60

The embryo was a critical innovations in land plants because: Multiple choice question. it encouraged the involvement of animals as seed dispersal agents it required the involvement of pollinators and led to the diversification of the angiosperms the young sporophyte received protection and nourishment from the maternal tissues the alternation of generations depends on the production of an embryo

Answer 60

the young sporophyte received protection and nourishment from the maternal tissues

Question 61

The leaves of ferns and seed plants are called euphylls, which is a translation from Greek meaning: Multiple choice question. true buds true leaves branched leaves tiny leaves branched veins

Answer 61

true leaves

Question 62

Select all that apply Select all features of plant embryos. Multiple select question. Cloned Diploid Haploid Unicellular Multicellular

Answer 62

Diploid Multicellular

Question 63

How often did the innovations of leaves and seeds likely evolve? Multiple choice question. Only once Many times Twice

Answer 63

Many times

Question 64

Select all that apply Select all terms that can be used to describe the tiny leaves found in modern lycophytes. Multiple select question. Nanophylls Microphylls Lycophylls Pteridophylls

Answer 64

Microphylls Lycophylls

Question 65

In seed plants, this structure matures into a seed. Multiple choice question. Egg Ovary Female gametophyte Ovule

Answer 65

Ovule

Question 66

In pines, microspores are small spores that develop into Multiple choice question. ovules megaspores micropyles pollen

Answer 66

pollen

Question 67

The microspores of pines develop within Multiple choice question. pollen grains microgametangia microsporangia integuments

Answer 67

microsporangia

Question 68

In seed plants, the sporangium containing one spore that develops into an egg-producing gametophyte is called a(n) _____. Multiple choice question. sporophyte zygote archegonium ovule megaspore embryo

Answer 68

ovule

Question 69

Seed plants are characterized by heterospory, in which smaller spores called microspores and larger spores called ____________ are produced.

Answer 69

megaspores

Question 70

In seed plants, tiny male gametophytes enclosed by walls are called Multiple choice question. microspores sperm gametes pollen

Answer 70

pollen

Question 71

Because seeds can remain dormant, they allow plants to Multiple choice question. avoid predation from animals survive in unpredictable conditions conserve energy that they would normally invest in producing seeds conserve water

Answer 71

survive in unpredictable conditions

Question 72

The megaspores of pines develop within Multiple choice question. egg cells megasporangia integuments endosperm

Answer 72

megasporangia

Question 73

Plants that produce only one type of spore are said to be __________

Answer 73

homosporous

Question 74

Plants that produce only one type of spore are said to be __________

Answer 74

homosporous

Question 75

Match the Terms! ``` Bryophytes Lycophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms ``` Leaves relatively large with extensively branched vein system; Sporangia borne on leaves. Leaves generally small with a single, unbranched vein; Sporangia borne on sides of stems Possess flowers and fruits; Seed food stored after fertilization in endosperm tissue Dominant gametophyte generation; Lack true roots, stems, and leaves Lack flowers and fruits; Seed food stored before fertilization in female gametophyte

Answer 75

``` 1D 2B 3A 4E 5C ```

Question 76

The microspores of pines develop within Multiple choice question. microsporangia integuments microgametangia pollen grains

Answer 76

microsporangia

Question 77

Plants that produce only one type of spore that develops into one type of gametophyte are called: Multiple choice question. asporous heterosporous homosporous microsporous

Answer 77

homosporous