Chapter 41: Homeostasis (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards by NextLevel Syndrome

Select all that apply

Which of the following are types of muscle tissue?

Multiple select question.

Skeletal

Stratified

Smooth

Dense

Loose

Cardiac

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

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Many metabolic processes function only within a narrow window of body temperature and intracellular pH, which is why the ability to maintain _________ is important.

homeostasis

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Animal bodies consist of three types of muscle tissue: ________ muscles are usually attached to bones; ___________ muscles often surround hollow tubes where they control the tube’s diameter; and _______ muscle which provides the force needed for a heartbeat.

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

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Click and drag on elements in order

Tissue
Cell
Organ
Organ System

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System

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Which of the following tissues sends and carries electric signals to and from the different parts of the body?

Multiple choice question.

Muscle tissue

Connective tissue

Epithelial tissue

Nervous tissue

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Specialized cells of a single type are which of the following?

Multiple choice question.

Organs

Organisms

Tissues

Organ systems

Tissues

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Epithelial tissues are organized as one or more ______ of densely packed epithelial cells.

layers, sheets, coats, covers, or clusters

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An animal’s body contains four types of tissue. These are _________ tissue, _________ tissue, ________ tissue, and ________ tissue.

muscular, nervous, epithelial, and connective

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Match each epithelial cell type with its shape description.

squamous
columnar
cubodial

square
flattened
elongated

squamous/flattened
columnar/elongated
cubodial/square

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Match the muscle type with its appropriate characteristic.

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Provides the force to circulate blood through the body

Provides the force for locomotion

Surrounds hollow tubes and cavities inside the body

Skeletal and locomotion
Cardiac and force for blood
Smooth and hollow tubes/cavities

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Connective tissues contribute to the _________ __________ by secreting a mixture of fibrous proteins and carbohydrates.

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

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Tissue that initiates and conducts electrical signals throughout the animal’s body is called _______ tissue.

Nervous or nerve

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Select all that apply

Which of the following are connective tissues?

Multiple select question.

Adipose tissue

Bone

Blood

Cartilage

Simple columnar epithelium

Smooth muscle

Adipose tissue

Bone

Blood

Cartilage

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The type of animal tissue that serves as a covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including bodily cavities and vessels, is called ________ tissue.

epithelial

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An organ is made up of two or more different types of ________

Tissue

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Select all that apply

Which of the following are the four main types of tissues found in animals?

Multiple select question.

Epithelial

Ligament

Vascular

Muscle

Connective

Nerve

Epithelial

Muscle

Connective

Nerve

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Choose the most accurate statement.

Multiple choice question.

Feedforward loops prevent organ systems from working together.

Organ systems are independent and never work together.

Multiple organ systems frequently work together.

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Select all that apply

Epithelial cells come in three main shapes. What are they?

Multiple select question.

Squamous

Stratified

Elliptical

Cuboidal

Polygonal

Columnar

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

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The structure of an animal’s tissues and organs can often help us predict their _______

function

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The tissues that function to anchor, surround, and support the structures of an animal’s body are called _________ tissues.

connective

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Body structures that have a function related to transport, absorption, or detection of stimuli often have features that _____.

Multiple choice question.

increase surface area

increase density

decrease surface area

increase volume

increase surface area

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Adipose tissue and cartilage are examples of which of the following types of tissue?

Multiple choice question.

Muscle

Connective

Nervous

Epithelial

Connective

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When an object grows in size, its surface area increases by a power of ____________, and its volume increases by a power of ________.

2 and 3

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The part of an organism that is composed of different kinds of tissues is called a(n) __________

organ

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Variability in the environment can influence _____. Multiple choice question. whether positive or negative feedback loops are utilized in homeostasis what molecule is used to power cellular activities the molecules that compose the extracellular matrix an organism's requirements for food and water

an organism's requirements for food and water

Nerve signals from the stretch receptors in the urinary bladder wall relay information to the brain cells, signaling that the bladder is full and needs to be emptied. This is an example of _____. Multiple choice question. multiple organ systems working together feedforward inhibition among organ systems the independence of organ systems different tissue types organized together into a single structure

multiple organ systems working together

Which of the following describes physiological variables? Multiple choice question. They fluctuate around an average within a certain, typically very narrow, range. They are completely static, and always maintained at the same level. They fluctuate, but are not constrained to a given range.

They fluctuate around an average within a certain, typically very narrow, range.

In animal anatomy, form and function are _____. Multiple choice question. uncorrelated independent interrelated

interrelated

Select all that apply Water homeostasis is affected by _____. Multiple select question. proton pumps in cells drinking buffers in body fluids osmosis eating perspiration

drinking osmosis eating perspiration

Select all that apply A structure that has a high surface area to volume ratio is suited for the exchange of _____. Multiple select question. heat solutes water body mass

heat solutes water

As an object enlarges, does its surface area or its volume increase more rapidly? Multiple choice question. They increase at the same rate. Its surface area increases more rapidly. Its volume increases more rapidly.

Its volume increases more rapidly.

The movement of air across respiratory surfaces affects ______ homeostasis. Multiple choice question. oxygen body temperature water glucose

oxygen

Habitat ______ imposes fluctuations in availability of basic needs such as food and water upon organisms. Multiple choice question. neutrality variability stability

variability

Maintenance of homeostasis within an organism means that the physiological variables such as glucose levels and blood pH are maintained _____. Multiple choice question. within a broad range at a precise value within a narrow range

within a narrow range

Buffers regulate the ________ of body fluids.

pH, acidity, or alkalinity

Select all that apply Select all of the homeostatic roles of water in animals. Multiple select question. Is broken down to provide energy in all cells Binds to and transport oxygen in blood Acts as a solvent for biological molecules Helps to regulate body temperature

Acts as a solvent for biological molecules Helps to regulate body temperature

Body structures that have a function related to transport, absorption, or detection of stimuli often have features that _____. Multiple choice question. decrease surface area increase volume increase density increase surface area

increase surface area

Select all that apply Body temperature is affected by _____. Multiple select question. rates of energy expenditure plasma levels of Na+ temperature of the environment buffers in body fluids

rates of energy expenditure temperature of the environment

Oxygen levels in organisms are affected by _____. Multiple choice question. proton pumps in cells osmosis across body surfaces rates of energy expenditure buffers in body fluids

rates of energy expenditure

Glucose levels, fat deposits, and ATP concentrations are types of variables under homeostatic control in animals that are considered to be _____. Multiple choice question. water distributions pH values of body fluids minerals energy sources

energy sources

This figure shows varying plasma glucose concentrations (in mg/dL) following a sugary meal. As depicted in the graph, plasma glucose levels rose from just below 100 mg/dL to around 170 mg/dL. The reason that the level of glucose did not rise higher is _____. Multiple choice question. compensatory mechanisms are in place to control the levels glucose is metabolized very quickly in the blood stream the individual consumed a large amount of sugar glucose falls out of solution at concentrations above 150mg/dL

compensatory mechanisms are in place to control the levels

What is the role of buffers in body fluids? Multiple choice question. Regulate pH Regulate oxygen and CO2 levels Regulate water balance Regulate blood glucose levels

Regulate pH

Select all that apply Which of the following are components of a homeostatic control system? Multiple select question. Effector Set point Responder Sensor Integrator

Effector Set point Sensor Integrator

In a homeostatic control system, a(n) ______ monitors the level or activity of a controlled physiological variable. Multiple choice question. effector set point integrator sensor

sensor

Without control mechanisms for homeostasis in place, a vertebrate placed in the Arctic during winter would __________.

freeze or die

Which of the following describes a negative feedback loop? Multiple choice question. It maintains the level of the physiological variable, regardless of recent change. It moves the level of the physiological variable in the same direction as a recent change. It moves the level of the physiological variable opposite that of a recent change.

It moves the level of the physiological variable opposite that of a recent change.

Select all that apply Examples of variables that are under homeostatic control in animals include which of the following? Multiple select question. Sodium and potassium levels Body temperature Length of stride Body fluid pH

Sodium and potassium levels Body temperature Body fluid pH

A fundamental feature of homeostasis is that disturbances to a physiological variable are minimized and corrected. This is accomplished via which of the following? Multiple choice question. Operon systems Catabolite repression Feedback loops The SA/V ratio

Feedback loops

Which of the following results in a magnification of a change in a physiological variable? Multiple choice question. A negative feedback loop A positive feedback loop An antagonistic effector

A positive feedback loop

The components of a homeostatic control system are the sensor, integrator, and ________, which work together to maintain a variable near its __________ point.

effector, set

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in human biology? Multiple choice question. Decreases in blood glucose levels after fasting Increases in blood glucose levels after a meal Control of ATP production within cells Blood clotting in response to injury

Blood clotting in response to injury

In a homeostatic control system, which of the following is the normal value for a controlled physiological variable? Multiple choice question. Sensor Set point Integrator Baseline Effector

Set point

In ______, an animal's body begins to prepare for a change in a physiological variable before the change even occurs. Multiple choice question. positive feedback loops feedforward regulation negative feedback loops

feedforward regulation

A feedback loop in which a change in the physiological variable being regulated brings about responses that move that variable in the opposite direction is called a(n) __________ feedback loop.

negative

Often times with _________ regulation of homeostatic responses, the animal learns to anticipate a homeostatic challenge and speeds up the body's response.

feedforward

With respect to homeostatic maintenance, negative feedback serves to minimize _________ in a physiological variable.

disturbances, changes, variation, differences, or disruptions

In general, ______ does not contribute to homeostasis because the result is magnification, rather than minimization, of fluctuations in physiological variables. Multiple choice question. negative feedback positive feedback feedforward regulation

positive feedback

Cellular communication in homeostasis _____. Multiple choice question. has both fast, localized and slower, long-distance mechanisms is always localized and occurs rapidly, over short distances is always long-distance and sometimes requiring days for effects to be realized

has both fast, localized and slower, long-distance mechanisms

The increased rate of uterine contractions during child birth is a response due to a _______ feedback loop.

positive

The type of cellular communication in which molecules are released into the interstitial fluid and act on nearby cells is known as _____. Multiple choice question. paracrine signaling autocrine signaling endocrine signaling exocrine signaling

paracrine signaling

The body of an animal can prepare itself for an upcoming challenge to homeostasis. This process is called _________ regulation.

Feedforward

Neurotransmitters act quickly and _________, while hormones act more slowly and at relatively _________ distances.

locally, localized, over short distances, or at short distances; long, large, far, or longer

Which homeostatic control mechanism can result from or be modified by learning or previous experiences, liked in Pavlov's experiments? Multiple choice question. Feedforward regulation Negative feedback Positive feedback

Feedforward regulation

A chemical messenger that, when secreted from a gland into the blood, acts on distant receptors specific to that compound is called a(n) __________

hormone

A fundamental feature of homeostasis is that disturbances to a physiological variable are minimized and corrected. This is accomplished via which of the following? Multiple choice question. The SA/V ratio Feedback loops Catabolite repression Operon systems

Feedback loops

Most of the water in an animal's body is _____. Multiple choice question. interstitial extracellular intracellular hemolymph

intracellular

True or false: Cellular communication in homeostasis occurs only over very short distances. True false question. True False

False

The water inside an animal's cells is referred to as _____. Multiple choice question. interstitial fluid extracellular fluid intracellular fluid hemolymph

intracellular fluid

Communication in which molecules that are released into the interstitial fluid act on cells in the immediate surrounding area is known as _______ signaling.

paracrine

Intracellular and interstitial fluids are separated by ______; interstitial fluid and plasma are separated by ______. Multiple choice question. extracellular fluid; blood vessel walls cell membranes; blood vessel walls blood vessel walls; extracellular fluid blood vessel walls; cell membranes

cell membranes; blood vessel walls

Select all that apply Which of the following statements describe hormones? Multiple select question. Travel via the blood Produced and released from glands Produced and released from neurons Diffuse from cell to cell Exert a localized effect

Travel via the blood Produced and released from glands

When secreted from a gland into the blood, a _____ is chemical messenger that acts on distant receptors specific to that compound. Multiple choice question. neurotransmitter hormone integrator paracrine pheromone

hormone

Interstitial fluid is _____. Multiple choice question. found within cells found outside of cells the liquid part of blood

found outside of cells

True or false: Most of the water in an animal's body is extracellular. True false question. True False

False

Extracellular fluid is composed of the fluid part of blood, called _________, and the fluid-filled spaces that surround cells, called _______ fluid.

plasma; interstitial

The water outside of an animal's cells is referred to as __________ fluid.

extracellular

Distinguish among body fluids by matching the names with the descriptions below. Plasma Interstitial fluid Extracellular fluid Intracellular fluid Fluid within cells Composed of interstitial fluid and plasma Fluid in the spaces between cells Fluid portion of blood

Plasma/Fluid portion of blood Interstitial fluid/fluid in the spaces between cells Extracellular fluid/composed of interstitial fluid and plasma Intracellular fluid/fluid within cells

The type of barrier that separates the two compartments is what determines the movement of _______ from one body fluid compartment to another.

solutes

True or False: Water can move between body compartments to maintain homeostasis, but solutes are trapped in their compartments.

False

The extracellular fluid found specifically in the spaces surrounding cells is called ___________ fluid

interstitial

True or false: Simple diffusion requires the hydrolysis of ATP. True false question. True False

False

Select all that apply Which of the following are types of extracellular fluid? Multiple select question. Cytoplasm Interstitial fluid Intracellular fluid Plasma

Interstitial fluid Plasma

The passive movement of a solute down its concentration gradient without the aid of transport proteins or ATP hydrolysis is called simple _______.

diffusion

The water inside an animal's cells is referred to as _____. Multiple choice question. hemolymph interstitial fluid intracellular fluid extracellular fluid

intracellular fluid

Passive transport is the movement of a solute _____. Multiple choice question. regardless of its concentration gradient up its concentration gradient down its concentration gradient

down its concentration gradient That is, from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. FROM HIGH TO LOW IS DOWN ITS CONCENTRATION GRADIENT Think of this like a hill. The higher the hill, the higher the concentration, and lower at the bottom of the hill, GOING DOWN THE HILL IS DOWN THE GRADIENT.

Solute movement from one body compartment to another is determined by _____. Multiple choice question. the type of barrier that separates the compartments endocrine control electrical stimulation via the nervous system

the type of barrier that separates the compartments

What is absolutely necessary for the process of passive transport? Multiple choice question. A concentration gradient Hydrolysis of ATP A transport protein

A concentration gradient

How do body fluids maintain appropriate concentrations of ions, nutrients, and gases? Multiple choice question. Movement of water and solutes between compartments Movement of solutes only between compartments Movement of water only between compartments

Movement of water and solutes between compartments

The process of simple diffusion _____. Multiple choice question. requires neither a transport protein nor ATP hydrolysis requires both a transport protein and ATP hydrolysis requires ATP hydrolysis but not a transport protein requires a transport protein but not ATP hydrolysis

requires neither a transport protein nor ATP hydrolysis

Facilitated diffusion moves substances across the membrane with the help of _____. Multiple choice question. membrane proteins cholesterol membrane vesicles nothing

membrane proteins

What term describes the passive movement of a solute down its concentration gradient without the aid of transport proteins or ATP hydrolysis? Multiple choice question. Simple diffusion Active transport Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

Simple diffusion

When a solute is moved against its concentration gradient, this process is called _________ transport.

active

The movement of a solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is known as ______ transport.

passive

Passive transport _____. Multiple choice question. provides the energy for the hydrolysis of ATP requires energy from the hydrolysis of ATP does not require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP

does not require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP

In osmosis, water moves from an area of ______ solute concentration to one of ______ solute concentration. Multiple choice question. higher; lower high; equal lower; higher low; equal

lower; higher Solutes move from high to low concentration by diffusion. In osmosis, however, water moves in the opposite direction, from the area of low solute concentration to the area of high solute concentration. A lower solute concentration WOULD ASSUME that it has more water molecules than the higher solute concentration with more molecules of solutes and that is why osmosis works in reverse.

True or False: Water can move between body compartments to maintain homeostasis, but solutes are trapped in their compartments. True false question. True False

False

One of the reasons why animals must maintain normal water levels is that water is the ______ that permits dissolved solutes in cells to participate in chemical reactions.

solvent

An example of passive transport is __________ diffusion, where a channel or transporter is required for diffusion to occur.

facilitated

The total solute concentration of an aqueous solution is known as the solution's _________.

osmolarity

Active transport _____ to move a solute from an area of _____ to an area of _____. Multiple choice question. does not require energy; high concentration; low concentration requires energy; low concentration; high concentration does not require energy; low concentration; high concentration requires energy; high concentration; low concentration

requires energy; low concentration; high concentration

Passive transport is the movement of a solute _____. Multiple choice question. regardless of its concentration gradient up its concentration gradient down its concentration gradient

down its concentration gradient

Match each term with the appropriate description of the solution. iso-osmotic solution hyper-osmotic solution hypo-osmotic solution higher osmolarity as that of the cell lower osmolarity as that of the cell same osmolarity as that of a cell

Iso-osmotic/same osmolarity hyper/higher hypo/lower

The mechanism by which water moves from a body compartment of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration is known as _________

osmosis

Select all that apply Which of the following are reasons why animals must maintain normal water levels? Multiple select question. Animals must always have a very high level of water in their bodies, as a reserve in case of adverse conditions. Proper water levels are critical for survival. Water in the digestive system is constantly required in order to maintain proper food consistency. There are many vital processes which have the potential to disrupt the water balance.

Proper water levels are critical for survival. There are many vital processes which have the potential to disrupt the water balance.

Osmolarity is defined as the concentration of ______ in a solution of water. Multiple choice question. solvent solutes water protein channels

solutes

Select all that apply The metabolism of which of the following compounds generates CO2 as the major waste product? Multiple select question. Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Proteins Fats

Carbohydrates Fats

When a solute is moved against its concentration gradient, this process is called ________ transport.

active

Conformers save energy by adapting some aspect of their internal body composition to match that of their _____. Multiple choice question. parents environment offspring interstitial fluids

environment

In osmosis, water moves from an area of ______ solute concentration to one of ______ solute concentration. Multiple choice question. low; equal high; equal higher; lower lower; higher

lower; higher

One of the reasons why animals must maintain normal water levels is that water is the ______ that permits dissolved solutes in cells to participate in chemical reactions.

solvent

When animal cells metabolize carbohydrates and fats, the major waste product is _________, which is exhaled or diffuses across the body surface.

CO2

Regulating homeostasis requires ______ energy expenditure compared to conforming homeostasis. Multiple choice question. less the same amount of more

Question 1 (1 point) In osmosis: Question 1 options: water moves from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. plasma membranes must be impermeable to water. water moves from extracellular to intracellular compartments. solutes move from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration. solutes move from a region of low water concentration to a region of high water concentration.

solutes move from a region of low water concentration to a region of high water concentration. water moves from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

Which organ system removes nitrogen-containing waste products from blood? Question 2 options: lymphatic system integumentary system muscular system urinary system

urinary system

In our case study, which of the following statements regarding freshwater fish is true? Question 3 options: Freshwater fish use their gills to actively take up salt ions. Freshwater fish do not produce urine. Freshwater fish lose water through their gills by osmosis. Freshwater fish frequently drink to obtain salt ions.

Freshwater fish use their gills to actively take up salt ions.

Most homeostasis depends on Question 4 options: positive feedback control. negative feedback control. hormonal regulation. predictable environmental conditions.

negative feedback control.

Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the tides. If this individual is able to adjust the salt concentration of its body fluids, its salt concentration will have Question 5 options: a cyclic variation opposite that of the surrounding water. slight fluctuations that are kept within a narrow range. a cyclic variation depending upon when the animal drinks. regular variations that range from large to small.

slight fluctuations that are kept within a narrow range.

Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that Question 6 options: it is found only in humans. it is not made of cells. the cells are sparsely scattered through a nonliving matrix. it is made of cells.

the cells are sparsely scattered through a nonliving matrix.

The barrier between the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments in an animal or plant is the: Question 7 options: plasma (cell) membrane. walls of capillaries. membrane of the Golgi apparatus. nuclear membrane. membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

plasma (cell) membrane.

Cardiac muscle and some types of smooth muscle have the ability to contract simultaneously. Which cell junction would allow an electrical flow between cells. Question 8 options: tight adherins desmosomes gap none of the above

gap

Anatomy is the study of function and physiology is the study of structure. Question 9 options: True False

False

Which of the following lists the organization of a mammalian body from least to most complex? Question 10 options: Organ—organ system—tissue—cell Tissue—cell—organ system—organ Organ system—organ—tissue—cell Cell—tissue—organ—organ system Tissue—organ—cell—organ system

Cell—tissue—organ—organ system

Which of the following would be additional evidence that one of the functions of skin is the synthesis of vitamin D? Question 11 options: Cancer rates are higher in people with more sun exposure. Vitamin D levels are lower in people who wear sunscreen. People living in the tropics are vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D levels are higher in people who take supplements, such as multivitamins.

Vitamin D levels are lower in people who wear sunscreen.

Use what you learned in our case study to answer this question. What is the correct rank order for relative amount of water (most to least) required for excretion of the primary nitrogenous wastes generated by different animals? Question 12 options: ammonia → urea → uric acid urea → uric acid → ammonia ammonia → uric acid → urea uric acid → ammonia → urea urea → ammonia → uric acid

ammonia → urea → uric acid

Connective tissue serves to support and bind other tissues. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue? Question 13 options: Fat Neurons Blood Bone Cartilage

Neurons

Homeostasis reinforces or enlarges a change from the homeostatic set point. Question 14 options: True False

False

A break in a blood vessel occurs and damaged cells release chemicals to begin the process of blood clotting. As clotting gets under way, signals are sent by cells for each step to release more chemicals that accelerate the process. Eventually the wall is patched and bleeding is stopped. While the cells are signalling, what type of feedback is occuring? Question 15 options: Negative Positive This process is not controlled through feedback. Positive and negative feedback are occuring together.

Positive

FUN FACT The chemical capsaicin is responsible for the “heat” experienced when eating a hot pepper. Capsaicin triggers the same nerve channel that signals the consumption of a food that is very hot in temperature. Even though the capsaicin is actually causing a chemical burn and not producing heat, the brain is tricked, and a person may feel that their body temperature is elevated. The individual may even begin to sweat. Menthol has an opposite effect on the body: the chemoreceptors in the mouth trigger the nerve channel that signals cold sensations.

N/A