Chapter 48: The Circulatory & Respiratory Systems (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards by NextLevel Syndrome

[Circulatory System Questions Start]

The simplest type of circulation occurs in animals that have a gastrovascular cavity. Apart from that, animals have two basic types of circulatory systems: _________ systems and __________ systems.

Blank 1: open

Blank 2: closed

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An open circulatory system is found in arthropods such as the honeybee. It consists of one or more contractile ________, which pump a fluid called _________ through open-ended vessels.

Blank 1: hearts or heart

Blank 2: hemolymph

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Select all that apply

Which of the following statements are true about closed circulatory systems?

Multiple select question.

Blood is transported throughout the body in vessels.

Circulatory fluid is pumped under pressure.

Circulating fluid returns to the heart through ostia.

Closed systems can generally repair themselves when injured.

Circulating fluid mixes with interstitial fluid to allow for maximal rates of nutrient diffusion.

Blood is transported throughout the body in vessels.

Circulatory fluid is pumped under pressure.

Closed systems can generally repair themselves when injured.

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What are the blood vessels which carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

Multiple choice question.

Capillaries

Veins

Arteries

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Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the _______.

heart

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Three types of circulation that exist in animals are open circulatory systems, closed circulatory systems, and ________ cavities.

Blank 1: gastrovascular

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Which of the following animals have a two-chambered heart, with one atrium and one ventricle?

Multiple choice question.

Birds

Fishes

Crocodiles

Mammals

Fishes

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Select all that apply

What components are found in the open circulatory system of arthropods and some mollusks?

Multiple select question.

Vessels

Capillaries that connect arterioles to venules

Clotting factors

Heart(s)

Hemolymph

Vessels

Heart(s)

Hemolymph

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The fluid in a closed circulatory system which remains within vessels is called _________.

blood

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In a double circulation, ________ and __________ blood are completely separated into two distinct circuits.

Blank 1: oxygenated or O2-rich

Blank 2: de-oxygenated, O2-poor, or deoxygenated

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In closed circulatory systems, blood is transported away from the heart in vessels called _________.

Blank 1: artery or arteries

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In terrestrial vertebrates with double circulation, blood that has been oxygenated in the lungs flows to the ______ before it is re-pumped to the rest of the body.

Multiple choice question.

left atrium

pulmonary arteries

brain

left ventricle

left atrium

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Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are called ________.

veins

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In double circulation which of the following heart chambers pumps the oxygenated blood to the body tissues?

Multiple choice question.

Left atrium

Right atrium

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

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The animals in which single circulation is found are ________.

Fish

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The blood moves nutrients and the gas ______ to all cells, and takes away from them waste products, including the gas __________ and other breakdown products of metabolism.

Blank 1: O2 or oxygen

Blank 2: CO2, carbon dioxide, or carbondioxide

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Which of the following statements best describes double circulation?

Multiple choice question.

An open circulatory system with two distinct circuits

An open circulatory system with a heart that contains two chambers

A closed circulatory system with a heart that contains two chambers

A closed circulatory system with two distinct circuits

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Which of the following best describes plasma’s role in blood?

Multiple choice question.

Transports only cells

Transports only dissolved substances

Plasma has no significant role in blood

Transports cells and many dissolved substances

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In double circulation, what chamber pumps blood to the lungs?

Multiple choice question.

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Right atrium

Right ventricle

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Select all that apply

Vertebrate blood is made up of four main components. What are they?

Multiple select question.

Platelets

Plasma

Lymph

Hemolymph

Adipocytes

Leukocytes

Erythrocytes

Platelets

Plasma

Leukocytes

Erythrocytes

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In double circulation, deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body tissues first enters the ______.

Multiple choice question.

right ventricle

left ventricle

right atrium

left atrium

right atrium

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The term erythrocytes refers to ______.

Multiple choice question.

plasma

white blood cells

megakaryocytes

platelets

red blood cells

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What is the main function of red blood cells?

Multiple choice question.

They are instrumental in the immune response of the animal.

They transport iron throughout the body.

They transport oxygen throughout the body.

They transport dissolved ions, such as Na+ and Cl- throughout the body.

They transport oxygen throughout the body.

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The transport medium of animals with closed circulatory systems is called the _________.

blood

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What cells contain large amounts of hemoglobin? Multiple choice question. Leukocytes Erythrocytes Thrombocytes Platelets

Erythrocytes

Select all that apply Plasma transports which of the following: Multiple select question. hormones cells that transport oxygen cells of the immune system proteins nerve signals

hormones cells that transport oxygen cells of the immune system proteins

Match the following terms that relate to the circulatory system with their descriptions/definitions. Erythrocyte Leukocyte Plasma Platelet Cell fragment involved in blood clotting Solution of water and solutes White blood cell Red blood cell

Eryth/Red blood cell Leukocyte/White blood cell Plasma/solution Platelet/Cell fragment

The venae cavae return blood to the _______ atrium, and the pulmonary veins return blood to the ________ atrium.

Blank 1: right | Blank 2: left

In the mammalian heart, the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented by the presence of the atrioventricular _________.

Valves or AV valves

Cardiac muscle cells are also called ______. Multiple choice question. nodes thrombocytes myocytes intercalated discs

myocytes

Which of the following is the main protein found in erythrocytes? Multiple choice question. Thrombin Calmodulin Hemoglobin Erythropoietin

Hemoglobin

The electrical excitation of the vertebrate heart has two phases: _________ and ___________

Blank 1: atrial | Blank 2: ventricular

Select all that apply What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle? Multiple select question. Systemic Cardiac Systole Ventricular Diastole Atrial

Systole Diastole

The _________ ventricle pumps blood into the aorta, and the _____________ ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk.

Blank 1: left | Blank 2: right

Which structure(s) in the mammalian heart prevents the backflow of blood? Multiple choice question. Aorta Valves Vena cava Septum

Valves

What does an electrocardiogram measure? Multiple choice question. Electrical potentials between various points in the body Blood pressure Electrical potentials between various chambers in the heart Ion balance in the heart itself

Electrical potentials between various points in the body Reason: EKG measurements are recorded at the surface of the body and therefore can only measures electrical potentials between different points on the body's surface.

What are myocytes? Multiple choice question. Nerves that stimulate cardiac muscle cells Valves located between the atria and the ventricles Cells that compose the endothelium of the blood vessels Cardiac muscle cells

Cardiac muscle cells

Blood flows from arterioles into the smallest blood vessels, which are called ________ and are where gas and nutrient exchange occurs between the blood and surrounding cells.

Blank 1: capillaries or capillary

In vertebrates, the electrical excitation of the heart occurs in two phases. What are they called? Multiple select question. Myogenic Ventricular Atrial Diastole Neurogenic Systole

Ventricular Atrial Systole and Diastole are referring to the cardiac cycle.

The cardiac cycle has two phases: _________ and ________.

Blank 1: diastole | Blank 2: systole

The ______ layer of a blood vessel is one-cell thick and is in contact with the blood. Multiple choice question. connective tissue elastin smooth muscle endothelium

endothelium

The venae cavae return blood to the ________ atrium, and the pulmonary veins return blood to the _________ atrium.

Blank 1: right | Blank 2: left

The blood vessels that deliver blood to the capillaries are _________

Blank 1: arterioles or arteriole

A medical test that captures the electrical activity of the heart and is used to investigate the heart function is a(n) ______________.

Blank 1: electrocardiogram, ECG, or EKG

Arrange the vessels of the circulatory system in the order in which blood travels through them, beginning at the top with the vessels leaving the heart. ``` capillaries arterioles veins arteries venules ```

``` arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins ```

Capillaries are derived as a result of the branching of ______. Multiple choice question. arterioles arteries venules veins

arterioles

The electrical excitation of the vertebrate heart has two phases: _________ and __________

atrial and ventricular

Which of the following vessels returns blood to the heart from the systemic circulation? Multiple choice question. Arterioles Arteries Capillaries Veins

Veins

The smooth inner lining of arteries, which consists of a single cell layer, is called the ________.

Blank 1: endothelium

The tendency of blood vessels to slow down the flow of blood passing through them is called _________.

Blank 1: resistance

Arterioles connect ______. Multiple choice question. the atria to the ventricles venules to veins arteries to capillaries arteries to veins

arteries to capillaries

Poiseuille's law states that the blood flow through a blood vessel is _______ proportional to the difference in pressure of the blood between the beginning and end of the vessel, and _________ proportional to the resistance created by the vessel.

Blank 1: directly | Blank 2: inversely

What is the most important factor in determining resistance within an arteriole? Multiple choice question. The length of the arteriole Blood viscosity within the arteriole The radius of the arteriole

The radius of the arteriole

What term describes the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time? Multiple choice question. Systole Cardiac cycle Cardiac output Diastole

Cardiac output

After blood leaves a capillary, it enters a(n) _______ and then a larger __________, which returns the blood to the heart.

Blank 1: venule or venules | Blank 2: vein or veins

Select all that apply Cardiovascular disease occurs when which of the following are not functioning properly? Multiple select question. Blood vessels Brain Heart Lungs

Blood vessels Heart

Resistance refers to the tendency of blood vessels to ______. Multiple choice question. slow down the flow of blood decrease cardiac output increase cardiac output increase the flow of blood

slow down the flow of blood

Select all that apply What are the three variables related by Poiseuille's law? Multiple select question. Blood type Blood pressure Blood flow Resistance Gravity

Blood pressure Blood flow Resistance

Narrower vessels have greater frictional _______ to blood flow.

Blank 1: resistance

Which of the following conditions/diseases account for the most deaths in the United States? Multiple choice question. AIDS Influenza All types of cancer combined Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease

[Respiratory System Questions Start] The two most prevalent gases in air (together making up approximately 99%) are __________ are __________.

Blank 1: nitrogen, N2, or N | Blank 2: oxygen, O2, O, or 02

Air is composed of about ______ O2, ______ N2, and ______ CO2 and other gases. Multiple choice question. 78%; 1%; 21% 21%; 1%; 78% 1%; 78%; 21% 78%; 21%; 1% 21%; 78%; 1%

21%; 78%; 1%

The pressure exerted on animal body surfaces by the gases in air is known as ______ pressure. Multiple choice question. dynamic vapor atmospheric hydrostatic

atmospheric

As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure Multiple choice question. increases. decreases. stays the same.

decreases.

At the top of a high mountain the atmospheric pressure is 380 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of oxygen at this altitude? Multiple choice question. 380 mm Hg 80 mm Hg 250 mm Hg 760 mm Hg 160 mm Hg

80 mm Hg

Identify the two major gases in air. Multiple choice question. Oxygen and hydrogen Nitrogen and oxygen Oxygen and carbon dioxide Nitrogen and carbon dioxide

Nitrogen and oxygen

Knowing the solubility properties of oxygen in water and air, predict the relative amount of oxygen that can dissolve in equal volumes of water and air. Multiple choice question. More oxygen will dissolve in air. The same amount of oxygen will dissolve in water and air. More oxygen will dissolve in water.

More oxygen will dissolve in air.

The solubility of a gas in water is ______. Multiple choice question. generally higher in cold water than in warm water the same regardless of the water temperature generally higher in warm water than in cold water

generally higher in cold water than in warm water

Although it is almost imperceptible, gases in the air exert _________ on surfaces, including the bodies of animals.

Blank 1: pressure

The set of structures that allows an animal to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body is called a(n) __________ _________.

Blank 1: respiratory | Blank 2: system

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude? Multiple choice question. Pressure increases as altitude increases. Pressure is constant regardless of altitude. Pressure decreases as altitude decreases. Pressure decreases as altitude increases.

Pressure decreases as altitude increases.

The four major types of gas-exchange organs found in different types of animals are: the body surface, tracheae, _________, and __________.

Blank 1: gills or gill | Blank 2: lungs or lung

Which of the following represents the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level? Multiple choice question. 160 mmHg 760 mmHg 460 mmHg 360 mmHg 660 mmHg

160 mmHg

In invertebrates such as cnidarians and platyhelminthes, O2 and CO2 are brought into the organism by ______. Multiple choice question. a system of trachea and tracheoles very primitive lungs that lack bronchi transport across internal or external gills direct diffusion across the body surface

direct diffusion across the body surface

The solubility of oxygen in water is ______ its solubility in air. Multiple choice question. higher than the same as lower than

lower than

Select all that apply Which of the following factors influence the solubility of a gas in water? Multiple select question. Temperature of the water Partial pressure of the gas Shape of the container of water The identity of the gas Presence of other solutes

Temperature of the water Partial pressure of the gas The identity of the gas Presence of other solutes

A respiratory system is all of the structures of an animal that contribute to the exchange of _________ and ___________ between the external environment and cells of the body.

Blank 1: oxygen or O2 | Blank 2: CO2, carbondioxide, or carbon dioxide

Which of the following animals is most likely to utilize the skin as a respiratory organ? Multiple choice question. Frog Alligator Seal Shark Snake

Frog

Select all that apply Different species of animals can utilize various organs to obtain oxygen. Which of the following organs play such a role? Multiple select question. Gills Flame cells Kidneys The body surface Lungs Tracheae

Gills The body surface Lungs Tracheae

Invertebrates which are only one or several layers thick depend upon which process to occur at their body surface for the exchange of gases? Multiple choice question. Active transport Bulk flow Diffusion Osmosis

Diffusion

Extensions of the body surface of many aquatic animals that play a role in the exchange of gases are __________.

Blank 1: gills, internal gills, external gills, or gill

Knowing the solubility properties of oxygen in water and air, predict the relative amount of oxygen that can dissolve in equal volumes of water and air. Multiple choice question. More oxygen will dissolve in water. More oxygen will dissolve in air. The same amount of oxygen will dissolve in water and air.

More oxygen will dissolve in air.

Select all that apply Which of the following are mechanisms used by fishes to ventilate their gills? Multiple select question. Actively drawing water in through the mouth and out the operculum Facing into a current of water while resting, but keeping the mouth open Continuously waving the operculum back and forth while swimming Swimming with the mouth open so that water continually moves across the gills

Actively drawing water in through the mouth and out the operculum Facing into a current of water while resting, but keeping the mouth open Swimming with the mouth open so that water continually moves across the gills

The vertebrates which have skin that is highly permeable to gases and can obtain significant amounts of oxygen across it are the _________. Most other vertebrates are unable to use the skin as a respiratory surface.

Blank 1: amphibians, frogs, or amphibian

Insects use tubes called _______ for respiration.

Blank 1: tracheae

Exchange of gases occurs in ______ when air is brought into them, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to be removed. Multiple choice question. lungs lamellae tracheae gills

lungs

Specialized respiratory structures found mostly in aquatic animals are known as ______. Multiple choice question. gills tracheae lungs nephridia

gills

What is the ventilation mechanism employed by MOST terrestrial vertebrates? Multiple choice question. Positive pressure filling Countercurrent exchange Crosscurrent exchange Negative pressure filling

Negative pressure filling

Select all that apply Which of the following are components of the mammalian respiratory system? Multiple select question. Larynx Tracheoles Spiracles Bronchi Nose Diaphragm Gills Lamellae

Larynx Bronchi Nose Diaphragm

Fishes can ventilate their gills in several ways. One way involves actively drawing water in through the ______ and out the ______ over the gills. Multiple choice question. skin; operculum mouth; spiracle mouth; operculum skin; spiracle

mouth; operculum

Each lung in humans is encased in a(n) _______ sac which protects it.

Blank 1: pleural

Which of the following breathing structures is found in insects? Multiple choice question. External gills Tracheae Internal gills Lungs

Tracheae

In the ventilation mechanism known as _________ _________ __________, air is drawn into the lungs when the volume of the lungs expands and the pressure drops.

Blank 1: negative Blank 2: pressure Blank 3: filling

In air-breathing vertebrates, exchange of gases occurs in the _________ when air is brought into them, allowing O2 to diffuse across the respiratory surface into the blood and CO2 to diffuse out.

Blank 1: lungs or alveoli

The contraction of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm increases the volume of the lungs and lowers their internal pressure, allowing them to fill with air by the process called ______. Multiple choice question. positive pressure filling ram ventilation negative pressure filling buccal pumping

negative pressure filling

Most terrestrial vertebrates ventilate lungs using _______ pressure filling.

negative

The type of ventilation that occurs when the external medium moves in and out of the respiratory chamber via the same route is called: Multiple choice question. ram buccal crosscurrent tidal unidirectional

tidal

The structures of the respiratory system are housed within the ______ (chest) cavity. Multiple choice question. pelvic dorsal thoracic abdominal gastric

thoracic

A pleural sac is ______. Multiple choice question. a small lung structure surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange takes place a structure that causes the thoracic cavity to expand when a breath is taken the portion of the trachea in which the vocal cords are housed a double layer of tissue that protects the lungs

a double layer of tissue that protects the lungs

At the air/liquid interface in the lungs, ______ molecules are attracted to each other resulting in surface tension. This could result in alveoli collapsing if not for the surfactant produced by type II alveoli cells. Multiple choice question. protein water carbon dioxide lipid oxygen

water

How does the negative pressure filling mechanism of ventilation work? Multiple choice question. Air is forced into the lungs using a gulping action. Air is drawn into the lungs when the volume of the lungs expands. Air is drawn into the lungs when the volume of the lungs decreases. Air passively enters the lungs by diffusion.

Air is drawn into the lungs when the volume of the lungs expands.

The total amount of oxygen available to an animal's cells is higher than that which can be physically dissolved because of oxygen-binding ______. Multiple choice question. nucleic acids proteins organic acids carbohydrates lipids

proteins

Mammals ventilate with __________ pressure by contracting and relaxing rib muscles and the diaphragm which changes the pressure in the lungs relative to the atmosphere.

Blank 1: negative

Select all that apply Which of the following is a possible color for the respiratory pigments of animals? Multiple select question. Yellow Green Black Blue Red

Blue Red

In __________ ventilation, fresh air is breathed in and stale air is breathed out through the same route.

Blank 1: tidal

The ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen is ______ of the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Multiple choice question. inversely proportional directly proportional independent

directly proportional

Select all that apply Which of the following are components of the mammalian respiratory system? Multiple select question. Nose Larynx Tracheoles Lamellae Bronchi Spiracles Gills Diaphragm

Nose Larynx Bronchi Diaphragm

Generally, small animals have ______ larger animals. Multiple choice question. higher relative metabolic rates than the same relative metabolic rates as lower relative metabolic rates than

higher relative metabolic rates than

Surface tension within the alveoli is due to the attractive forces between ______ molecules at the air/liquid interface. Multiple choice question. water surfactant air hemoglobin

water

The majority of CO2 in the blood is converted to highly soluble ___________ ions.

Blank 1: bicarbonate, HCO3, or HCO3-

The function of oxygen-binding proteins is to increase the amount of oxygen in body fluids above that level which can be physically _________.

Blank 1: dissolved

Select all that apply Which of the following are involved in controlling respiration in mammals? Multiple select question. Brainstem The heart Trachea Diaphragm Intercostal muscles

Brainstem Diaphragm Intercostal muscles

The oxygen-binding proteins that have evolved in animals are called __________ __________ because they have a color.

Blank 1: respiratory | Blank 2: pigments

A sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific compound is called a(n) __________.

Blank 1: chemoreceptor or chemoreceptors

At higher partial pressures of oxygen, the percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen is ______ compared to that at lower partial pressures of oxygen. Multiple choice question. higher the same lower

higher

Which of the following conditions/diseases account for the most deaths in the United States? Multiple choice question. Influenza All types of cancer combined AIDS Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease

Rank the following organisms in order of decreasing metabolic rate, beginning at the top with the organism with the highest metabolic rate. ``` cat human cow dog mouse ```

``` mouse cat dog human cow ```

Select all that apply Carbon dioxide is released from human tissues as a waste product. In which of the following ways can it be transported to the lungs? Multiple select question. Dissolved in hemolymph Bound to hemoglobin As bicarbonate ions Bound to hemocyanin Dissolved in blood

Bound to hemoglobin As bicarbonate ions Dissolved in blood

True or False: Respiratory centers in the brainstem have an important role in the regulation of breathing in mammals. True false question. True False

True

Hypertension refers to ______. Multiple choice question. high blood pressure low cardiac output low blood pressure high cardiac output

high blood pressure

Specialized sensory cells in the aorta, carotid arteries, and brainstem that detect levels of certain substances in the blood (for example carbon dioxide) are known as ______. Multiple choice question. leukocytes red blood cells chemoreceptors nerves sickle cells

chemoreceptors

A heart attack is also called ______. Multiple choice question. angina pectoris cardiac angiography myocardial infarction atherosclerosis

myocardial infarction

Select all that apply Cardiovascular disease occurs when which of the following are not functioning properly? Multiple select question. Brain Lungs Blood vessels Heart

Blood vessels Heart

A disease characterized by smooth muscle contractions in bronchioles which can result in difficulty in breathing and wheezing is called __________

Blank 1: asthma

Emphysema is best described as a ______. Multiple choice question. heart condition that is caused by hypertension lung condition that is caused by hyper-reactive bronchioles lung condition that causes permanent lung damage heart condition that causes blocked coronary arteries

lung condition that causes permanent lung damage

Most of the damage caused by smoking occurs to the _________.

Lungs

Sustained, above normal mean arterial blood pressure is also called ___________

Blank 1: hypertension

The common term for myocardial infarction is heart ________.

attack

Smooth muscle contractions in bronchioles which can result in difficulty in breathing and wheezing is a condition known as ______. Multiple choice question. respiratory distress of the newborn emphysema asthma smoker's cough tuberculosis

asthma

Emphysema is a lung disease that ______. Multiple choice question. is mild and does not require treatment can be cured with antibiotics is progressive and does not go away can be cured with steroids

is progressive and does not go away

Select all that apply Which of the following are side effects of smoking in the adolescent? Multiple select question. Reduced lung growth Increased phlegm production Reduced stature Shortness of breath Obesity

Reduced lung growth Increased phlegm production Shortness of breath

[Week 13 Circulatory Quiz Start] Your patient comes to you and complains that she bruises easily and seems to bleed a lot from very small cuts. What is the likely cause of her symptoms? Question 1 options: Red blood cells not functioning correctly Platelets not functioning correctly White blood cells not functioning correctly Mast cells not functioning correctly

Platelets not functioning correctly

What occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle? Question 3 options: Blood pressure increases in the arteries Ventricles fill with blood Ventricles contract Blood pressure is highest in the ventricles

Ventricles fill with blood

You need a blood transfusion immediately but don't know your blood type. In this situation, what blood type will the EMT give you? Question 4 options: A negative AB positive O negative O positive B negative

O negative

Considering blood flow through a closed circulation, which is the correct sequence of vessels, beginning at the heart? Question 5 options: vein, venule, capillary, arteriole, artery artery, arteriole, capillary, vein, venule arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein artery, capillary, arteriole, venule, vein

artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

You have a patient with left side heart damage. What should you expect to happen next? Wet breath sounds and difficulty breathing Numbness in the extremities Increased cardiac output Loss of memory

Wet breath sounds and difficulty breathing

You want to have a higher concentration of HDLs than LDLs because Question 7 options: LDLs hold higher levels of cholesterol LDLs activate the synthesis of cholesterol in the cells LDLs will drop excess cholesterol in the bloodstream LDLs take cholesterol to the liver to be removed from the blood

LDLs hold higher levels of cholesterol WRONG

You have decided to come visit your professor in Colorado and you head up to the mountains to go for a hike. You notice that you quickly get tired and feel out of breath, but your professor seems just fine. This is likely because your professor Question 8 options: Has more red blood cells than you since she lives at a higher altitude Has more white blood cells than you since she lives at a higher altitude Is older than you and therefore breathes better at a higher altitude Has fewer platelets than you since she lives at a higher altitude Is superwoman!! (just kidding, don't choose this answer!)

Has more red blood cells than you since she lives at a higher altitude

Damage to the papillary muscles of the heart causes Question 10 options: An inability of the heart valves to close A decrease in respiration rate A decrease in the function of the aorta An increase in blood pressure

An inability of the heart valves to close

How can damage to the left side of the heart also result in kidney damage? Question 11 options: The heart damage causes an increase in blood pressure which puts too much stress on the kidneys The heart damage causes a decrease in blood pressure which prevents the kidneys from functioning The heat damage causes a significant increase in cardiac output which puts too much stress on the kidneys Both A and C

The heart damage causes an increase in blood pressure which puts too much stress on the kidneys WRONG

The guards at Buckingham Palace in England must stand at attention for long periods of time without moving. The uniforms of these guards have pants with very wide legs. How are these two facts related? Question 12 options: The guards need the wide legged pants because it is the preferred style of the Queen who has commanded them to stand in front of her palace The guards need the wide legged pants to protect them from the sun as they stand for long periods of time The guards need the wide legged pants so that they can contract their calf muscles to help aid arterial blood flow and keep them from passing out The guards need the wide legged pants so that they can contract their calf muscles to help aid venous return and keep them from passing out There is no relationship between these two facts!

The guards need the wide legged pants so that they can contract their calf muscles to help aid venous return and keep them from passing out

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks a particular type of cells and stops its functioning, thus people with the disease are susceptible to infections. What type of cell does HIV attack? Question 13 options: Red blood cell Platelet White blood cell Liver Cell

White blood cell

Which of these is NOT a function of circulating blood? Question 14 options: movement of O2 movement of CO2 movement of nutrients movement of waste creation of new blood cells

creation of new blood cells

Your blood type is AB positive, which blood type can you accept from a donor without an immune response? Question 15 options: AB positive AB negative A positive O positive All of the above

All of the above

[Week 14 Respiratory Quiz Start] Respiratory surfaces in all vertebrates have all of the listed features except Question 1 options: moist epithelia large surface areas thick epithelia a very high degree of vascularization

thick epithelia

When the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin shifts to the right, this means that at the same partial pressure Question 2 options: More oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin Less oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin The same amount of oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin More CO2 is released from the hemoglobin

The same amount of oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin WRONG

Why does smoking lead to lung cancer? Question 3 options: Cigarette smoke causes constriction of the trachea Cigarette smoke causes constriction of the bronchioles Cigarette smoke causes stretching of the alveoli Cigarette smoke has a large number of carcinogens in it

Cigarette smoke has a large number of carcinogens in it

Why does the tracheal system of insects so heavily branched and spread throughout the body? Question 4 options: The system relies on diffusion and so must be close to each cell The system is not attached to the circulatory system The system must be close to muscles to expand and contract the trachea All of the above

The system relies on diffusion and so must be close to each cell WRONG

Which of these is NOT a challenge for respiration in water? Question 5 options: The density of water is very high relative to air. Water holds approximately 30 times less oxygen when compared to air. Water requires an additional energy expenditure to move across epithelial surfaces. Water moving across respiratory surfaces removes heat from the animal. Water breathing animals have a high risk of desiccation.

Water breathing animals have a high risk of desiccation.

The group of vertebrates with the greatest capacity for gas exchange across the skin is the Question 6 options: amphibians mammals birds fishes reptiles

amphibians

Assuming that the partial pressure of nitrogen is 0.79 at sea level, what it is the partial pressure of nitrogen at 20m, where the atmospheric pressure is 3 atm? Question 7 options: 0. 79 1. 59 2. 37 3. 16

3.16 WRONG

If the efficiency of the alveoli in a human was reduced by 50%, what would you predict would be the effect? Question 8 options: The volume of air in the lungs would decrease by 50% The rate of gas exchange would decrease by 50% The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen would decrease by 50% The muscular control of breathing would decrease by 50%

The rate of gas exchange would decrease by 50%

You have found a new species of fish that uses ram ventilation. This means that Question 9 options: It must gulp water and push it past the gills It must swim constantly to keep water flowing over the gills It must use counter-current exchange It must use co-current exchange

It must swim constantly to keep water flowing over the gills

Which 2 gases make up the majority of air that we breathe? Question 10 options: carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide hydrogen and nitrogen hydrogen and oxygen nitrogen and oxygen

nitrogen and oxygen

When exercising, more CO2 is produced and the pH of the blood decreases. This causes the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin to Question 11 options: Shift to the left Stay in the same place Shift to the right

Shift to the left WRONG

Which disease that affects respiratory function is caused by an infectious organism? Question 12 options: lung cancer asthma emphysema pneumonia

pneumonia

The process of bringing oxygenated water or air into contact with a gas-exchange surface is Question 13 options: gas exchange gas transport respiration exhalation ventilation

ventilation

How can you prevent getting the bends? Question 14 options: Breathe deeply while SCUBA diving to avoid hyperventilation Ascend slowly from SCUBA diving to allow gases to come out of solution slowly Breathe only oxygen while SCUBA diving All of the above

Ascend slowly from SCUBA diving to allow gases to come out of solution slowly

A patient with apnea will likely have which of the following symptoms? Question 15 options: Fatigue and lethargy Wheezing when inhaling Constant deep coughing Shortness of breath

Fatigue and lethargy

Chapter 48: The Circulatory & Respiratory Systems (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards

(159 cards)