Chapter 44 (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards by NextLevel Syndrome

What can be defined as a specialized system of cells that responds to a specific type of stimulus, and sends information to the CNS?

Multiple choice question.

A sensory cortex

A sense

A sensory nerve

A sensory receptor cell

A sense

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True or False: All sensory systems convert stimuli into signals that alter membrane potentials in sensory neurons.

True false question.
True
False

True

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True or false: Perception is an awareness of the sensations that are experienced.

True false question.
True
False

True

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Sensory receptor neurons directly sense a stimulus, while sensory receptors that are specialized epithelial cells ______ to stimulate an action potential in a nearby neuron.

Multiple choice question.

send a signal through a gap junction

release neurotransmitters

pass on the same stimulus

release hormones

release neurotransmitters

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The initial response of a sensory receptor to a stimulus is _____, that may not always be strong enough to initiate _____.

Multiple choice question.

a graded receptor potential; an action potential

an all-or-none receptor potential; an action potential

an action potential; a graded receptor potential

a graded receptor potential; an action potential

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Which of the statements below best defines a “sense”?

Multiple choice question.

A system of specialized cells that respond to a specific type of stimulus

Groups of sensory cells that allows the organism to interpret their environment

An organ that allows the organism to detect changes in their environment

A specific type of sense organ

A system of specialized cells that respond to a specific type of stimulus

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Question Mode
Multiple Choice Question
When the brain receives stimuli from different sensory modalities, it interprets them as different sensations because they each _____.

Multiple choice question.

use dedicated pathways

have unique types of action potentials

use different strengths of action potentials

use different patterns of action potentials

use dedicated pathways

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Meissner, Pacinian, and Ruffini corpuscles are receptors located in the skin that are neuronal dendrites covered by _________ tissue.

connective or dense connective

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Which of the following best describes perception?

Multiple choice question.

The brain is processing a stimulus.

An animal is aware of a stimulus in its environment.

An animal is thinking about a stimulus in its environment.

An animal is sensing a change in its external environment.

An animal is aware of a stimulus in its environment.

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True or false: Neuron endings that detect stretch in organs that can be distended are called nociceptors.

True false question.
True
False

False

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Select all that apply

Sensory receptors can be classified as which types of cells?

Multiple select question.

Glial cells

Muscle cells

Neurons

Adipose cells

Connective tissue cells

Epithelial cells

Neurons

Epithelial cells

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The first response of a sensory receptor to a stimulus is usually _____.

Multiple choice question.

A graded potential

An action potential

Negative

All-or-none

A graded potential

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Select all that apply

Which of the following are characteristics of hair cells?

Multiple select question.

Neurons

Connective tissue cells

Stereocilia

Photoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

Epithelial cells

Stereocilia

Mechanoreceptors

Epithelial cells

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Select all that apply

Functions of the CNS in sensation include which of the following?

Multiple select question.

Interpreting sensory signals from the body

Containing sensory receptors that provide information about the external environment

Receiving signals from sensory receptors

Generating sensory signals

Interpreting sensory signals from the body

Receiving signals from sensory receptors

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Which of the following is the best definition of audition?

Multiple choice question.

The ability to echolocate

The ability to detect and interpret sound waves

The ability to detect sound waves and gravity

The ability detect and interpret photons

The ability to detect and interpret infrared light

The ability to detect and interpret sound waves

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Select all that apply

Which of the following skin receptors consist of neuronal dendrites covered in dense connective tissue?

Multiple select question.

Free nerve endings

Ruffini corpuscles

Hair follicle endings

Meissner’s corpuscles

Pacinian corpuscles

Ruffini corpuscles

Meissner’s corpuscles

Pacinian corpuscles

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Mechanoreceptors that are neuron endings that detect distension in organs are called _______ __________

Blank 1: stretch

Blank 2: receptors

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The ability of animals to locate where a sound is coming from is dependent on the sound being received by their two ears at _________ times.

different

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Epithelial mechanoreceptors with stereocilia are called _________ _________

Blank 1: hair

Blank 2: cells

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The ability to sense the position, orientation, and movement of the body is called _____.

Multiple choice question.

proprioception

audition

sensory transduction

perception

proprioception

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Which of the following describes how animals locate the origin of a sound?

Multiple choice question.

Sound waves will arrive in one ear exciting sensory nerves in only that ear.

Sound waves will excite sensory nerves in one ear first and then the next ear milliseconds later.

Sound waves will excite sensory nerves in both ears simultaneously.

Sound waves will excite sensory nerves in one ear first and then the next ear milliseconds later.

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Which of the following organisms use the lateral line system to detect changes in their environment?

Multiple choice question.

Fish

Birds

Snakes

Bats

Fish

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Sensory receptors that respond to cold and those that respond to heat are called ________

thermoreceptors

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Which of the following are characteristics of hair cells?

Multiple select question.

Stereocilia

Epithelial cells

Connective tissue cells

Photoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

Neurons

Stereocilia

Epithelial cells

Mechanoreceptors

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Free neuronal endings in the skin and internal organs that detect pain resulting from extreme pressure, cold, heat, and certain chemicals are called _____. Multiple choice question. mechanoreceptors photoreceptors Ruffini corpuscles nociceptors chemoreceptors

nociceptors

Proprioception, which is the ability to sense the position, orientation, and movement of the body, is a form of ______. Multiple choice question. chemoreception mechanoreception vision light reception

mechanoreception

Visible light, magnetic fields, electrical fields, and ultraviolet light are examples of ______ stimuli. Multiple choice question. mechanical chemical electromagnetic thermal

electromagnetic

Sensory receptors that respond to light are called _____. Multiple choice question. light receptors photons nociceptors eyes photoreceptors

photoreceptors

Fish and some amphibians use which of the following to detect changes in their environment? Multiple choice question. Meissner's corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles Echolocation The lateral line system Electromagnetic receptors

The lateral line system

What properties does a photon possess? Multiple choice question. Particle only Neither particle nor wave Both particle and wave Wave only

Both particle and wave

Thermoreceptors respond to _____. Multiple choice question. hot and cold conditions hot conditions only cold conditions only

hot and cold conditions

Photoreceptors organized into organs that sense light offer organisms a selective ______ over other organisms.

advantage or benefit

In a single-lens eye, light enters the lens through a small opening called the _______

pupil

Select all that apply Of the following, examples of electromagnetic stimuli are _____. Multiple select question. odor molecules sound echolocation ultraviolet light visible light infrared light

ultraviolet light visible light infrared light

In the vertebrate eye the two types of photoreceptors are called _________ and __________

Blank 1: rods | Blank 2: cones

Visual systems employ specialized neurons called _______, which detect light

Blank 1: photoreceptors

Which of the following describes the rods found in the vertebrate eye? Multiple choice question. Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that generate black and white images and do not discriminate color. Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that determine the sharpness with which we see other animals during the daylight. Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that do discriminate among different colors. Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that contract and relax according to the amount of light entering the eye.

Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that generate black and white images and do not discriminate color.

The fundamental unit of electromagnetic radiation is called a(n) _________

photon

Sharp colored images can be achieved at the fovea because _____. Multiple choice question. rods are stacked in layers at the fovea the cones and rods join together at the fovea each cone is divided to produce two cones are present in high densities there

cones are present in high densities there

Organisms that can sense light have a selective advantage for _____. Multiple select question. protection photosynthesis respiration mobility

protection photosynthesis

The two components of visual pigments are ________ and _____________.

Blank 1: retinal | Blank 2: opsin

A small opening in a single-lens eye that allows light to enter the eye is called a(n) _____. Multiple choice question. cornea iris pupil retina

pupil

What describes how a photoreceptor responds in the dark? Multiple choice question. Photoreceptors are hyperpolarized resulting in the continuous release of glutamate. Photoreceptors are depolarized halting the production of glutamate. Photoreceptors are depolarized resulting in the continuous release of glutamate. Photoreceptors are hyperpolarized halting the production of glutamate.

Photoreceptors are depolarized resulting in the continuous release of glutamate.

Rods and cones are the two types of _________ found in the vertebrate eye.

photoreceptors

The back layer of the retina, closest to the choroid, is composed of the ________(rods and cones); the middle layer consists of the _________ cells; and the front layer, closest to the optic nerve, consists of the _______ cells.

Blank 1: photoreceptors Blank 2: bipolar Blank 3: ganglion

Photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that generate black and white images, and do not discriminate different colors are called ________

Blank 1: rods

The ability to process overlapping images coming into both eyes to create one image occurs in animals that have _________ ________

Blank 1: binocular or stereoscopic | Blank 2: vision

In the vertebrate eye, cones are clustered in and around an area of the retina called the _______

fovea

Which of the following contrasts olfaction and gustation? Multiple choice question. Olfaction is the sense of heat, and gustation is the sense of balance. Olfaction is the sense of touch and gustation is the sense of pain. Olfaction is the sense of smell, and gustation is the sense of taste. Olfaction is the sense of sound perception, and gustation is the sense of balance.

Olfaction is the sense of smell, and gustation is the sense of taste.

Select all that apply Visual pigments are made up of two components that are bonded together. What are these? Multiple select question. Opsin Rods Sensory Retinal Transducing Cones

Opsin Retinal

Where are insect chemoreceptors located? Multiple choice question. Abdomen, legs, and feet Antennae, legs, feet, and proboscis Wings, legs, and feet Antennae, abdomen, legs, and feet Wings, thorax, and proboscis

Antennae, legs, feet, and proboscis

Which of the following describe how a photoreceptor responds to light? Multiple choice question. In the light photoreceptors are hyperpolarized resulting in the release of glutamate. In the light photoreceptors are hyperpolarized inhibiting the release of glutamate. In the light photoreceptors are depolarized inhibiting the release of glutamate. In the light photoreceptors are depolarized resulting in the release of glutamate.

In the light photoreceptors are hyperpolarized inhibiting the release of glutamate.

The olfactory sensitivity of mammals varies according to the _____. Multiple choice question. pattern of the sensory cells in the epithelium depth of the sensory cells in the mucous layer proximity of the olfactory bulb to the cilia number of olfactory receptors cells present

number of olfactory receptors cells present

Taste buds are located in depressions on the tongue called ________ ________

Blank 1: taste | Blank 2: pores

The most common cause of deafness is damage to the ________ _________ in the cochlea.

Blank 1: hair | Blank 2: cells

The number of olfactory receptor cells in humans is ______ than in dogs or rabbits. Multiple choice question. more than the same as fewer than

fewer than

Taste sensory cells are found in ______, which are located in the taste pore depressions of the ______. Multiple choice question. taste buds; papillae cochlear ducts; papillae cochlear ducts; olfactory bulb taste buds; olfactory bulb

taste buds; papillae

What type of neuron is responsible for carrying electrical signals AWAY from the CNS to elicit a response in the body? Question 1 options: sensory neuron motor neuron glial cell interneuron All of these choices are correct.

motor neuron

In a reflex arc, the correct sequence of cell types through which an electrical signal would pass would be Question 2 options: sensory neuron → motor neuron → interneuron in the CNS sensory neuron → interneuron in the CNS → motor neuron motor neuron → interneuron in the PNS → sensory neuron motor neuron → sensory neuron → interneuron in the PNS

sensory neuron → interneuron in the CNS → motor neuron

Astrocytes Question 3 options: support neurons in the peripheral nervous system. form the blood-brain barrier. form myelin on central nervous system neurons. regulate growth, migration, and interconnection of neurons in the adult brain. maintain the cerebral spinal fluid.

form the blood-brain barrier.

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc: Question 4 options: receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, integration center, effector effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid: Question 5 options: sodium chloride magnesium potassium calcium

potassium

The two major anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the Question 6 options: voluntary nervous system and involuntary nervous system. central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. sensory nervous system and the motor nervous system.

central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

The term central nervous system refers to the: Question 7 options: brain and cranial nerves spinal cord and spinal nerves brain and spinal cord autonomic and peripheral nervous systems brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves

brain and spinal cord

What part of the neuron carries signals toward the part of the cell that houses the nucleus? Question 8 options: node of Ranvier cell body myelin sheath dendrite axon

dendrite

Our ability to respond to moderate heat and cold is due to Question 9 options: mechanoreceptors. chemoreceptors. electromagnetic receptors. thermoreceptors. nociceptors.

thermoreceptors.

The speed of impulse conduction along an axon may be increased by Question 10 options: neurotransmitters. effector cells. a myelin sheath. a graded potential.

a myelin sheath.

What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck discover about the way in which we are able to perceive many different types of odors? Question 11 options: Vertebrate animals make a large number of distinct types of receptor proteins, each of which binds a particular odorant molecule or small group of such molecules. Many different types of odors bind to just a few different types of receptor molecules. Odors are distinguished by the way in which they bind both olfactory and taste receptors—it is the overall "picture" generated this way that we perceive. None of these choices are correct.

Vertebrate animals make a large number of distinct types of receptor proteins, each of which binds a particular odorant molecule or small group of such molecules.

The electrical difference across a neuronal membrane is measured in Question 12 options: millivolts. milliamperes. milliwatts. newtons. joules.

millivolts.

The critical function of the sodium-potassium pump of neurons is to move Question 13 options: Na+ and K+ out of the cell. Na+ and K+ into the cell. Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell. Na+ and K+ into the cell and H+ out of the cell through an antiport mechanism.

Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.

The two broad classes of cells in the nervous system include 1.) Those responsible for information processing, and 2.) Those providing mechanical and metabolic support. These two categories of specialized cells are called Question 14 options: neurons and glial cells. neurons and fibrocytes. astrocytes and Schwann cells. Schwann cells and glial cells. microglia and Schwann cells.

neurons and glial cells.

What is the correct pathway for the movement of sound waves through the human ear? 1. Vibrations of the eardrum cause the ossicles to vibrate. 2. Pressure waves move from the oval window to the vestibular canal, then to the tympanic canal. 3. Ossicles vibrate against the oval window. 4. Sound waves move through the outer ear canal. 5. Waves strike the round window. Question 15 options: 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 4, 1, 3, 2, 5 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 5, 2, 3, 1, 4 2, 1, 4, 3, 5

4, 1, 3, 2, 5