Chapter 51: The Reproductive Systems (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards by NextLevel Syndrome

The creation of new individuals from existing ones is defined as ____________.

Blank 1: reproduction

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In the animal kingdom, there are two general types of reproduction: __________ and _________ reproduction.

Blank 1: sexual

Blank 2: asexual

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Haploid reproductive cells are called __________

Blank 1: gametes

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Offspring that are genetically different from their parents are generated through __________ reproduction.

Blank 1: sexual

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Reproduction without the union of male and female gametes is referred to as ____________ reproduction.

Blank 1: asexual

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The processes by which organisms replicate themselves and multiply is known as _________.

Blank 1: reproduction

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The two main types of reproduction in animals are known as _____.

Multiple choice question.

horizontal and vertical

sexual and asexual

vertebrate and invertebrate

binary and multiple

sexual and asexual

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A female gamete is called a(n) _____.

Multiple choice question.

ovum

endospore

uterus

spermatozoon

zygote

ovum

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In sexual reproduction, haploid cells called _________ from two different parents join to form a diploid cell.

gametes

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Select all that apply

Select all of the types of asexual reproduction seen in animals.

Multiple select question.

Regeneration

Fission

Fertilization

Parthenogenesis

Budding

Regeneration

Parthenogenesis

Budding

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Asexual and sexual reproduction are similar in that _____.

Multiple choice question.

both result in passing chromosomes to the next generation

both result in increased genetic diversity in the offspring

both involve the fusion of two haploid cells

both involve the fusion of two diploid cells

both result in passing chromosomes to the next generation

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All of the following are advantages of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction EXCEPT:

Multiple choice question.

it allows for rapid reproduction at any time

it allows an individual to reproduce in isolation

it produces large numbers of offspring

it produces genetically-diverse offspring

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Male and female gametes are formed in the _______.

Blank 1: gonads

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Male gametes are called _____, which is usually shortened to sperm cells.

Multiple choice question.

spermatozoa

spermatogonia

spermatophores

spermatocytes

spermatozoa

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Germ cells constitute the starting material of gametogenesis. These divide by _____ resulting in _____ cells called spermatogonia or oogonia.

Multiple choice question.

meiosis; diploid

mitosis; diploid

mitosis; haploid

meiosis; haploid

mitosis; diploid

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Animals use one of three major types of asexual reproduction: _______, _________, and __________.

Blank 1: budding
Blank 2: parthenogenesis
Blank 3: regeneration

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In a male animal, the cells that begin meiosis are called ___________ __________.

Blank 1: primary

Blank 2: spermatocytes

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In the context of species survival, the major difference between asexual and sexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction allows for greater genetic ________ due to the mechanism of genetic ________.

Blank 1: variation, variety, diversity, differences, variance, or variability
Blank 2: recombination, crossing-over, crossovers, crossing over, or cross over

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Which of the following BEST describes the formation of male gametes in humans?

Multiple choice question.

Spermatogenesis

Parthenogenesis

Androgenesis

Gametogenesis

Oogenesis

Spermatogenesis

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Which of the following statements about the types of reproduction is TRUE?

Multiple choice question.

Asexual reproduction is more advantageous for nonmotile animals; sexual reproduction is more advantageous for animals living in stable environments.

Sexual reproduction is more advantageous for BOTH nonmotile animals and those that live in stable environments.

Sexual reproduction is more advantageous for nonmotile animals; asexual reproduction is more advantageous for animals living in stable environments.

Asexual reproduction is more advantageous for BOTH nonmotile animals and those that live in stable environments.

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The process that occurs in the ovaries which results in the production of female gametes is ________.

Blank 1: oogenesis

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The male gonads are called the _________, while the female gonads are called the __________.

testes; ovaries

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How many haploid gametes are formed by spermatogenesis?

Multiple choice question.

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Gametogenesis begins with diploid cells called _________ cells, which multiply by mitosis.

Blank 1: germ

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The union of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote is called ___________.

Blank 1: fertilization

Which of the following are the cells that begin meiosis in female animals? Multiple choice question. Ootids Secondary oocytes Primary oocytes Oogonia

Primary oocytes

Fishes reproduce by _________ fertilization.

Blank 1: external

The formation of haploid sperm from the original diploid germ cell is ____________

Blank 1: spermatogenesis

In most amphibians, females release a _____. Multiple choice question. single egg every time large number of eggs at once few eggs at once

large number of eggs at once

The production of egg cells in humans is a process called _____. Multiple choice question. spermatogenesis oogenesis parthenogenesis cytogenesis

oogenesis

What best describes the process by which males deposit sperm within the female reproductive tract? Multiple choice question. Conjugation Transduction Copulation Transformation

Copulation

The number of functional gametes produced during oogenesis is _____ the number of gametes produced during spermatogenesis. Multiple choice question. more than fewer than the same as

fewer than

The external structures of the male reproductive tract include the ____________ and the _________.

Blank 1: penis | Blank 2: scrotum

Which of the following groups of animals reproduce by external fertilization? Multiple choice question. Birds Sheep Fish Humans

Fish

Which of the following is a neurohormone-synthesizing structure that lies at the base of the brain? Multiple choice question. Cerebellum Hypothalamus Prostate gland Thyroid gland

Hypothalamus

Select all that apply Which of the following are challenges that externally fertilized eggs may face? Multiple select question. Desiccation after fertilization Potentially lethal changes due to water temperature Washed downstream by currents Predator ingestion

Potentially lethal changes due to water temperature Washed downstream by currents Predator ingestion

The act of transferring sperm to the female reproductive tract is called _____. Multiple choice question. ovulation copulation spermatogenesis ejaculation

copulation

Fertilization in the human female reproductive tract usually occurs in the __________.

Blank 1: oviducts or oviduct

The sac which holds the male's testes outside of the body cavity is called the _____. Multiple choice question. scrotum penis seminal vesicle epididymis

scrotum

Which of the following statements about gametogenesis is true? Multiple choice question. Spermatogenesis is continual, whereas oogenesis is cyclical. Spermatogenesis is cyclical, whereas oogenesis is continual. Both spermatogenesis and oogenesis are cyclical. Both spermatogenesis and oogenesis are continual.

Spermatogenesis is continual, whereas oogenesis is cyclical.

A structure at the base of the brain which produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone is called the _________.

Blank 1: hypothalamus

Stimulating the development of the uterus in the event of a pregnancy by hormone production is the role of the corpus __________

Blank 1: luteum

Which of the following structures is produced from the cells of the empty follicle after ovulation? Multiple choice question. Corpus luteum Labia majora Labia minora Corpus albicans

Corpus luteum

Growth and differentiation of the follicle occur during the _________ phase of the ovarian cycle.

Blank 1: follicular

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the levels of LH are ______. Multiple choice question. high intermediate low

low

Oogenesis can best be described as a _____. Multiple choice question. continuous process that occurs in the ovaries cyclical process that occurs in the ovaries cyclical process that occurs in the oviducts continuous process that occurs in the oviducts

cyclical process that occurs in the ovaries

Ovulation signals the end of the follicular phase and the beginning of the __________ phase of the ovarian cycle.

Blank 1: luteal

If a pregnancy does not occur, the ______ degenerates, and a new group of follicles with their primary oocytes develops. Multiple choice question. myometrium ovary oviduct corpus luteum

corpus luteum

The dominant ovarian hormone of the luteal phase is ________. It inhibits LH and FSH secretion, and it further prepares the uterus for receiving and nourishing the embryo.

Blank 1: progesterone

After ovulation, cells in the empty follicle proliferate and develop into a structure called the ________ _________.

Blank 1: corpus | Blank 2: luteum

if fertilization does occur, the blastocyst develops a surrounding layer of cells that secrete an LH-like hormone, called chorionic gonadotropin, which maintains the ________ ________ and its ability to secrete progesterone.

Blank 1: corpus | Blank 2: luteum

The first half of the ovarian cycle is referred to as the _____ phase. Multiple choice question. fertilization uterine menstrual follicular vaginal

follicular

Low levels of LH during the follicular phase stimulate the cells of the follicle to produce _______. FSH eggs progesterone estradiol

estradiol

A surge of LH on the fourteenth day of the human ovarian cycle causes a mature ______ to rupture and ______ to occur. Multiple choice question. blastocoel; fertilization follicle; fertilization blastocoel; ovulation follicle; ovulation

follicle; ovulation

Which hormone is tested for by some home pregnancy tests? Multiple choice question. Estrogen Progesterone Chorionic gonadotropin Luteinizing hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone

Chorionic gonadotropin

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about the luteal phase is TRUE? Multiple select question. It has continuous high levels of FSH and LH. The dominant ovarian hormone is progesterone. It ends with ovulation. It follows the follicular phase. It is named after the corpus luteum.

The dominant ovarian hormone is progesterone. It follows the follicular phase. It is named after the corpus luteum.

In humans, the uterine cycle, or ________ cycle deals with the development of the _________, the glandular inner layer of the uterus.

Blank 1: menstrual | Blank 2: endometrium

Chorionic gonadotropin maintains the corpus luteum and its ability to secrete _____. Multiple choice question. luteinizing hormone androgens progesterone follicle stimulating hormone

progesterone

The time during which a developing embryo and fetus grows in the mother's uterus is called a _________.

Blank 1: pregnancy or gestation

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the levels of LH are ______. high intermediate low

low

In most mammals, the the organ that provides nourishment and oxygen to the fetus and helps dispose of its metabolic wastes is the __________.

Blank 1: placenta

Another name for the uterine cycle is the _____ cycle. Multiple choice question. menstrual vaginal follicular

menstrual

Pregnancy, or _____ is the time during which a developing embryo and fetus grows in the mother's uterus. Multiple choice question. Parturition Fertilization Gestation Conception

Gestation

Very strong, rhythmic uterine contractions indicate that ______ has begun.

Blank 1: labor

Embryonic development is BEST described as the process by which a(n) ________ is transformed into an organism with distinct physiological systems and body parts. Multiple choice question. cavity somite zygote adult

zygote

In the early stages of vertebrate development, the process of cleavage yields successive cells that _____. Multiple choice question. grow larger and larger are about the same size as the original zygote become smaller and smaller begin cellular differentiation immediately

become smaller and smaller

The organ that connects the embryo to the blood vessels of the mother's endometrium is the ________.

Blank 1: placenta

During embryonic development, the blastula or blastocyst develops into a highly organized structure called a(n) _________ as a result of major cell movements.

Blank 1: gastrula

The binding of oxytocin to its receptors initiates strong uterine muscle contractions that highlight _____. Multiple choice question. ovulation labor implantation lactation

labor

Which of the following processes occur during neurulation? Multiple choice question. Establishment of the three germ layers Invagination and involution Formation of the PGCs Formation of the CNS

Formation of the CNS

The process by which a fertilized egg is transformed into an organism with distinct physiological systems and body parts is called __________ development.

Blank 1: embryonic

A specialized structure that consists of arrangements of two or more tissue types is referred to as a(n) _______.

Blank 1: organ

The initial cell cycles of embryos are unique because they involve repeated cell divisions without cell growth. The process by which these cell cycles occur is called __________.

Blank 1: cleavage

_____ is the inability of a man to produce sufficient numbers or quality of sperm to impregnate a woman, or the inability of a woman to become pregnant or maintain a pregnancy. Multiple choice question. Infertility Senescence Apoptosis Impotence Consanguinity

Infertility

The multistep embryonic process responsible for initiating CNS formation is _________.

neurulation

Which of the following procedures involves a first step of placing together sperm and eggs in culture dishes? Multiple choice question. External fertilization Artificial insemination Tubal ligation In vitro fertilization

In vitro fertilization

The use of methods to prevent ______ is termed contraception. Multiple choice question. menstruation gametogenesis regeneration fertilization

fertilization

Placing sperm and eggs together in culture dishes, allowing fertilization to proceed and embryos to develop before introducing them into a woman's __________ with the goal that one will implant are all elements of the technique of _________ _________ fertilization.

Blank 1: uterus Blank 2: in Blank 3: vitro

[Quiz Start] Which of these gland-hormone pairs is mismatched? Question 1 options: adrenal-parathyroid hormone thyroid-thyroid hormone anterior pituitary-growth hormone ovaries-progesterone pancreas-insulin

adrenal-parathyroid hormone

In our case study, we compared asexual and sexual reproduction. Which of the following is not a potential advantage of asexual reproduction? Question 2 options: It allows animals that do not move around to produce offspring without finding mates. It produces genetically diverse populations. It allows animals that are genetically well suited to a particular environment to quickly expand their populations. It saves the time and energy required to produce gametes.

It produces genetically diverse populations.

In our case study, we learned about different methods of reproduction. Hermaphrodites are animals that Question 3 options: possess both male and female reproductive systems. must fertilize themselves. have the gonads of one sex but the external appearance of the other. develop from unfertilized eggs.

must fertilize themselves. WRONG

The sharp peak of estradiol secretion during the ovarian cycle Question 4 options: inhibits progesterone production. stimulates growth of the uterine lining. inhibits the secretion of LH and FSH. stimulates the secretion of LH and ovulation. stimulates completion of meiosis I.

stimulates growth of the uterine lining. WRONG

Thyroid hormone is to amphibian metamorphosis as this compound is to insect molting. Question 5 options: ecdysone aldosterone butterfly peptide estrogen cortisol

ecdysone

Which of the following lists the structures of the male reproductive tract in the proper order from sperm production to ejaculation? Question 6 options: epididymis, seminiferous tubules, ejaculatory duct, vas deferens, urethra seminal vesicles, vas deferens, prostate, urethra, ejaculatory duct seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra vas deferens, epididymis, seminiferous tubules, ejaculatory duct, urethra vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, urethra

seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

What can be said about peptide hormones? Question 7 options: They bind intracellular receptors to elicit a response on target cells. They bind membrane receptors to elicit a response on target cells. They are generally water-soluble. They are lipid soluble. They are water-soluble and bind to membrane receptors to elicit a response on target cells.

They are water-soluble and bind to membrane receptors to elicit a response on target cells.

What are the three glands that produce the liquid portion of semen? Question 8 options: prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral seminal vesicle, Leydig, hypothalamus hypothalamus, prostate, Leydig seminal vesicles, hypothalamus, bulbourethral Leydig, prostate, bulbourethral

prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral

Parathyroid hormone's main function is to Question 9 options: increase insulin-like growth factor I and linear body growth. synergize with thyroid hormone in various functions. increase calcium by mobilizing the ion from bone. increase glucose mobilization during stress or fasting. increase sodium through reabsorption from kidney.

increase calcium by mobilizing the ion from bone.

A problem with the action or production of this substance leads to both type I and type II diabetes mellitus. Question 10 options: insulin thyroid hormone growth hormone glucagon cortisol

insulin

In what order do sperm move through the structures of the female reproductive tract? Question 11 options: endometrium, cervix, uterus, oviduct vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina vagina, uterus, oviduct, ovary cervix, vagina, uterus, oviduct

vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct

What is true of the corpus luteum? Question 12 options: Secretions of the corpus luteum prepare the uterus for implantation of the embryo. Secretions of the corpus luteum stimulate LH and FSH secretion. Secretions of the corpus luteum induce maturation of primary oocytes. The major hormone secreted from the corpus luteum is LH. The major hormone secreted from the corpus luteum is estradiol.

Secretions of the corpus luteum prepare the uterus for implantation of the embryo.

Fertilization in the female reproductive tract typically occurs in the Question 13 options: ovary. upper part of the oviduct. lower part of the oviduct. uterus.

upper part of the oviduct.

In humans, a secondary oocyte finishes meiosis II Question 14 options: following ovulation once a month. Upon release from the ovary. in the fetus of the female before birth. before ovulation once a month. only if fertilized.

Upon release from the ovary. WRONG

Gametes are Question 15 options: polyploid cells formed from mitosis. diploid cells formed from mitosis. haploid cells formed from meiosis. haploid cells formed from mitosis. diploid cells formed from meiosis.

haploid cells formed from mitosis. WRONG

Chapter 51: The Reproductive Systems (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards

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