Chapter 28: Protists (Book Questions/Quiz) Flashcards by NextLevel Syndrome

Select all that apply

Select all of the following that are impacts of protists on global ecology.

Multiple select question.

Protists are the oldest organisms on Earth.

Protists produce at least half of the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Protists cause serious diseases, such as malaria.

Some types of protists are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Algae are being used in biofuel production.

Protists produce at least half of the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Protists cause serious diseases, such as malaria.

Algae are being used in biofuel production.

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The term protist comes from a Greek word that reflects the observation that these organisms were Earth’s ________ eukaryotes.

Initial

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Organisms within the Protista can be informally grouped based on:

Multiple choice question.

cell size

species color

activity pattern

ecological role

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Algae, protozoa, and fungus-like are informal labels that refer to the __________ roles filled by protists.

ecological

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Protists can be informally classified as algae, protozoa, or fungus-like protists according to the ecological roles they fulfill in their environments, that is, according to:

Multiple choice question.

whether they are aquatic or terrestrial

the method they use to obtain organic compounds

their type of life cycle

the method they use to obtain organic compounds

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Which of the following statements best characterizes the impact of protists on human health?

Multiple choice question.

Some protists are parasites that cause serious human disease.

While some protists are pathogenic, none cause human illness.

All protists are benign.

Some protists are parasites that cause serious human disease.

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Protists are

Multiple choice question.

eukaryotes

neither eukaryotes nor prokaryotes

prokaryotes

eukaryotes

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Most algae are protists that can produce organic compounds by means of _________

photosynthesis

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Protists can be grouped into three types according to the ___________ roles they fulfill within their environments.

ecological

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Like true fungi, fungus-like protists obtain nutrients from their _________ using threadlike filamentous extensions.

environment

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When we informally group protists according to whether they are autotrophs or heterotrophs, and whether they produce or consume oxygen, we are referring to their:

Multiple choice question.

ecological role

habitat preference

method of locomotion

ecological role

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Select all that apply

Which of the following are informal groups of protists classified according to habitat?

Multiple select question.

Amoebae

Fungus-like protists

Plankton

Flagellates

Periphyton

Plankton

Periphyton

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What is plankton?

Multiple choice question.

Photosynthetic protists

Organisms that attach to underwater surfaces by mucilage

Swimming or floating protists, bacteria, viruses, and small animals

Protists that possess a flagellum for locomotion

Swimming or floating protists, bacteria, viruses, and small animals

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Algae are _______ protists.

Multiple choice question.

osmotrophic

photoautotrophic

mixotrophic

heterotrophic

photoautotrophic

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Select all that apply

Which of the following are common characteristics of phytoplankton?

Multiple select question.

Relatively large size

Ability to float

Single cells

Short filaments of cells

Heterotrophic

Colonies of cells held together with mucilage

Ability to float

Single cells

Short filaments of cells

Colonies of cells held together with mucilage

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In one informal classification scheme, protists are grouped according to possession of morphological structures used for:

Multiple choice question.

attracting mates

locomotion

copulation

defense

locomotion

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The fungus-like protists, like true fungi, are:

Multiple choice question.

autotrophs

heterotrophs

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Plankton, phytoplankton, and periphyton are informal groupings of protists classified according to:

Multiple choice question.

type of life cycle

phylogeny

motility

ecological role

habitat

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Select all that apply

Which of the following are structures that protists utilize to swim?

Multiple select question.

Flukes

Flagella

Pili

Chelicerae

Cilia

Flagella

Cilia

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It is necessary that ______ float near the surface of the water to absorb light for photosynthesis, so they tend to be microscopic in size.

Multiple choice question.

macrophages

phytoplankton

zooplankton

bacteriophages

phytoplankton

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A group of protists uses flagella to navigate their aquatic environments.. These protists are known as ________

flagellates

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In order to move from one place to another, ciliates use _____________ and amoebozoa use __________ , which are specialized structures associated with their type of motility.

cilia; pseudopodia

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In eukaryotic cells, locomotor extensions called _______ are longer and present in lower numbers per cell than are cilia.

Flagella or flagellum

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Newly discovered species and results from molecular genetic methods have resulted in:

Multiple choice question.

reinforcement of the single kingdom protist classification

a constantly changing classification of the protists

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Protists have evolved diverse ways for locomotion. For example swimming can occur by means of appendages called ________ and ___________

flagella, cilia

A(n) _____________ is a level of classification that includes one or more eukaryotic phyla (which may be in different kingdoms) that share distinctive morphological and ecological characteristics.

supergroup

______ are usually composed of one or a few cells and are small because their appendage motion is not powerful enough to keep larger bodies from sinking. Multiple choice question. Flagellates Paramecia Ciliates Seaweeds

Flagellates

Which eukaryotic supergroup includes multicellular animals, fungi, and related protists? Multiple choice question. Rhizaria Alveolata Opisthokonta Stramenopila Excavata

Opisthokonta

Select all that apply Protist classification continues to change because: Multiple select question. molecular genetic methods reveal previously unknown relationships the old classification was based solely on opinion, not on morphological similarities and differences new species are still being discovered

molecular genetic methods reveal previously unknown relationships new species are still being discovered

The cellular process by which an organism obtains energy from a food particle by digesting the particle with enzymes inside a cytoplasmic vesicle is known as __________

phagocytosis

A ______ includes one or more eukaryotic phyla that share distinctive morphological and ecological characteristics. Multiple choice question. family supergroup class genus species

supergroup

In endosymbiosis, the endosymbiont lives ________ the body of the host.

within

Photosynthetic protists with primary or secondary plastids that may be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular and may or may not possess flagella are close relatives of _______ ______. Multiple choice question. early animals true fungi land plants

land plants

Land plants evolved directly from ______ ancestors.

green algal

Select all that apply Which two supergroups are most closely related to the alveolates? Multiple select question. Excavata Opisthokonta Stramenopila Rhizaria

Stramenopila Rhizaria

The phyla Ciliophora, Apicomplexa, and Dinozoa are contained within the eukaryotic supergroup ___________

Alveolata

Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of at least some of the close protist relatives of land plants? Multiple select question. Roots Primary plastids Unicellularity Flagella Kinetoplasts Multicellularity

Primary plastids Unicellularity Flagella Multicellularity

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the relationships between land plants and protists? Multiple choice question. Land plants are descended from green algal ancestors and are also closely related to red algae. Land plants do not share a common ancestor with any protist group. The reason land plants group with some protists is that land plants are not monophyletic.

Land plants are descended from green algal ancestors and are also closely related to red algae.

Which of the following are characteristics of at least some members of the supergroup Alveolata? Multiple select question. Saclike, membranous vesicles at the cell periphery Pseudopodia Kinetoplasts within a large mitochondrion Flagella or cilia Cellulose plates Secondary or tertiary plastids

Saclike, membranous vesicles at the cell periphery Flagella or cilia Cellulose plates Secondary or tertiary plastids

Match the Terms! Primary endosymbiosis Secondary endosymbiosis Tertiary endosymbiosis A eukaryote that possesses a plastid that originated from a cyanobacterium is engulfed and retained by another eukaryote host cell. A eukaryote with a secondary plastid is engulfed and retained by another eukaryote host cell. A prokaryote is engulfed and retained by a heterotrophic host cell.

1C 2A 3B

Select all that apply Three supergroups seem to form a cluster in phylogenetic studies. These include: Multiple select question. Alveolata Stramenopila Amoebozoa Rhizaria Rhodophyta

Alveolata Stramenopila Rhizaria

Select all that apply The supergroup Alveolata contains which protist phyla? Multiple select question. Dinozoa Euglenozoa Radiolaria Bacillariophyta Ciliophora Apicomplexa

Dinozoa Ciliophora Apicomplexa

The eukaryotic supergroup _______ includes a wide range of algae, protozoa, and fungus-like protists that have secondary plastids and produce cells with flagellar hairs. Multiple choice question. Alveolata Excavata Stramenopila Rhizaria

Stramenopila

Select all that apply Which two supergroups are most closely related to the alveolates? Multiple select question. Excavata Opisthokonta Rhizaria Stramenopila

Rhizaria Stramenopila

Flagellate or amoeboid protists with filose pseudopodia are members of what eukaryotic supergroup? Opisthokonta Rhizaria Amoebozoa Excavata

Rhizaria

Select all of the characteristics that can be found in members of the supergroup Stramenopila. Multiple select question. Flagellar hairs Kinetoplasts Silica cell walls Primary plastids Multicellularity Pseudopodia

Flagellar hairs Silica cell walls Multicellularity

Protists that move via extension of pseudopodia are members of which eukaryotic supergroup? Multiple choice question. Excavata Opisthokonta Alveolata Amoebozoa Rhizaria

Amoebozoa

Protists and related organisms that are characterized by a single posterior flagellum on swimming cells are classified in which eukaryotic supergroup? Multiple choice question. Opisthokonta Amoebozoa Alveolata Rhizaria Excavata

Opisthokonta

Which of the following are characteristics of at least some members of the supergroup Rhizaria? Multiple select question. Alveoli Cilia Human parasites Filose pseudopodia Secondary green plastids

Filose pseudopodia Secondary green plastids

Stramenopila

Protists obtain nutrition by four basic mechanisms: __________, _________, __________, and photoautotrophy

phagotrophy, osmotrophy, mixotrophy

land plants

Heterotrophic protists that feed by ingesting particles, or phagocytosis, are known as

phagotrophs

Protists that possess pseudopodia, such as the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, are members of the eukaryotic supergroup ________

Amoebozoa

Bioluminescence, toxins, and rigid cell walls composed of silica, cellulose, or calcium carbonate are just a few examples of adaptations used by protists for Multiple choice question. reproduction. defense. energy harvest. communication.

defense.

Members of the eukaryotic supergroup Opisthokonta are characterized by possession of: Multiple choice question. strawlike flagellar hairs and secondary plastids thin, cytoplasmic projections cilia and tertiary plastids swimming cells with a single, posterior flagellum

swimming cells with a single, posterior flagellum

Flagellate or amoeboid protists with filose pseudopodia are members of what eukaryotic supergroup? Multiple choice question. Opisthokonta Excavata Rhizaria Amoebozoa

Rhizaria

A toxin is a compound synthesized by some protists that deters small herbivores by: Multiple choice question. being distasteful and slimy physically deflecting them drawing attention to them affecting them physiologically

affecting them physiologically

The reproductive adaptations that have made it possible for protists to thrive include: Multiple select question. Endosymbiosis with other protists tough-walled dormant cells for periods of environmental stress specialized asexual reproductive cells a variety of sexual life cycles

tough-walled dormant cells for periods of environmental stress specialized asexual reproductive cells a variety of sexual life cycles

An organism that ingests food particles through the plasma membrane and digests them in vesicles within the cytoplasm is a(n) Multiple choice question. phagotroph photoautotroph osmotroph

phagotroph

True or False: All protists can reproduce asexually. True false question. True False

True Reason: Indeed, all protists can reproduce asexually by mitotic cell divisions.

Select all of the examples of defensive adaptations in protists. Multiple select question. Cilia Silica cell walls Cellulose cell walls Primary endosymbiosis Toxins Mucilage secretion

Silica cell walls Cellulose cell walls Toxins Mucilage secretion

Which of the following life cycles is characterized by the absence of gametes? Multiple choice question. Alternation of generations Diploid-dominant Haploid-dominant Ciliate

Ciliate

Faster evolutionary response to environmental change is an advantage of the ability of some protists to: Multiple choice question. produce pigments grow flagella reproduce sexually reproduce asexually

reproduce sexually

Meiosis and the production of cysts, spores, gametes, and zygotes are all adaptations employed by protists for ________

reproduction

Which type of reproductive strategy involves alternation between relatively fast population growth by repeated mitotic division and periods of dormancy facilitated by the formation of cysts? Multiple choice question. Gametic Sporic Asexual Zygotic

Asexual

Match the Terms! Alternation of Generations Diploid-dominant Haploid-dominant Haploid cells develop into gametes, which fuse to produce a thick-walled diploid zygote. The multicellular haploid gametophyte produces gametes through mitosis. Gametes are produced by meiosis, and are the only haploid cells in the life cycle.

1B 2C 3A

Select all that apply Protists that employ the haploid dominant life cycle may produce what pairs of gametes? Multiple select question. X and Y mating cells Sporophytes and gametophytes Merozoites and trophozoites + and - mating types Sperm and eggs

+ and - mating types Sperm and eggs

Multicellular green and brown seaweeds undergo a life cycle known as _________ of _________

alternation; generations

What type of protist is likely to display a haploid dominant life cycle? Multiple choice question. Red algae Unicellular green algae Multicellular green algae Brown algae

Unicellular green algae

Plastids originated from which of the following groups of prokaryotes? Question 1 options: Actinobacteria Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Archaea Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria

If you were studying the origin of land plant traits, which of the following protist groups would you study? Question 2 options: ciliates green algae diatoms radiolarians choanoflagellates

green algae

What advantages do diatoms obtain from sexual reproduction? Question 3 options: increased genetic variability increased ability of populations to respond to environmental change regeneration of maximal cell size for the species. all of the above.

all of the above.

In our case study, the evidence showed that copepods are not capable of adapting to PSP (paralytic shellfish toxins). Question 4 options: True False

False

In our case study, we learned about different types of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Ciguaterra Fish Poisoning is caused by a toxin produced by what group of marine phytoplankton? Question 5 options: dinoflagellates like Gambierdiscus diatoms like Pseudo-Nitzschia dinoflagellates like Alexandrium and Pyridinium blue-green bacteria

dinoflagellates like Gambierdiscus

What does it mean when we say a protist is planktonic? Question 6 options: It is prokaryotic. It must be photosynthetic. It is parasitic. It can be found floating in the water column. It is found in damp soils.

It can be found floating in the water column.

An obligate anaerobe is an organism that: Question 7 options: can use oxygen but can get along without it requires oxygen produces oxygen is poisoned by oxygen does not use oxygen but is not poisoned by it

is poisoned by oxygen

Photoautotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from ________ and their energy from ________. Question 8 options: CO2; sunlight methane; sunlight organic molecules; reactions involving inorganic chemicals CO2; reactions involving inorganic chemicals organic molecules; sunlight

CO2; sunlight

Evidence for the relatively close relationship of archaea to eukaryotes includes Question 9 options: the fact that both contain circular DNA without histones. the absence of introns from genes in both groups. the fact that both have several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerases. the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of both groups.

the fact that both have several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerases.

Many species of Euglenoids are Question 10 options: prokaryotic. have peptidoglycan cell walls. mixotrophic. are very closely related to the fungi. are large enough to see easily without magnification.

mixotrophic

Which of the following statements about protists is incorrect? Question 11 options: Protists are commonly found in moist or aquatic environments. Protists are eukaryotic organisms. The organism that cuases malaria is a protist. At least half of the oxygen in the atmosphere is produced by protists. All of the above are correct descriptions of protists.

All of the above are correct descriptions of protists.

Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of protistan nutrition? Question 12 options: mixotrophic osmotrophic autotrophic phagotrophic eutrophic

eutrophic

Archaea that tolerate and/or require high salinities are called halophiles. Question 13 options: True False

True

Protists are NOT monophyletic. This means that protists: Question 14 options: are all more closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of organisms are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms are all more closely related to bacteria than they are to other organisms are all more closely related to fungi than they are to any other organisms are all members of the same phylum

are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms

Pathogenic microorganisms and their hosts live in a close association with one another known as: Question 15 options: commensalism mutualism parasitism sociality biofilms

parasitism