Chapter 3.2

Question 1

No energy required

Answer 1

Passive membrane transport

Question 2

Difference in concentration when comparing two solutions

Answer 2

Concentration gradient

Question 3

ATP required
Moving against concentration gradient

Answer 3

Active membrane transport

Question 4

Diffusion
Filtration

Answer 4

Two types of Passive Transport

Question 5

Moving from areas to high concentration to low concentration

Answer 5

Diffusion

Question 6

Concentration - Larger difference = faster
Molecular size - Smaller = faster
Temperature - High = faster

Answer 6

Factors that influence diffusion:

Question 7

Nonpolar, lipid-soluble substances diffusion directly through phospholipid bilayer
Ex. oxygen, carbon dioxide, fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 7

Simple diffusion

Question 8

Passive transport of substance across the cell membrane with the aid of either protein carriers or protein channels
Molecules that are too big to pass on their own

Answer 8

Facilitated diffusion

Question 9

Formed by transmembrane proteins, have aqueous-filled cores
1. Leakage - always open
2. Gated - controlled by chemical or electrical signal

Answer 9

Channels

Question 10

Transmembrane integral proteins that transport specific polar molecules that are too large for membrane channels
Protein will change its shape to let things in and out

Answer 10

Carriers

Question 11

All carriers are bound to molecules and are busy

Answer 11

Saturated

Question 12

Diffusion of solvent, such as water, across a selectively permeable membrane
Occurs when concentration is different on the two sides of a membrane
Movement from high free water concentration to low free water concentration

Answer 12

Osmosis

Question 13

Water specific channel

Answer 13

Aquaporin

Question 14

Measure of total concentration of solute particles in a solution

Answer 14

Osmolarity

Question 15

Ability of a solution to change the shape or the tone of cells by altering the cell’s internal water volume
Tono = tension

Answer 15

Tonicity

Question 16

Same solute concentration as inside the cell
No net loss or gain of water
Cells maintain their normal shape

Answer 16

Isotonic solution

Question 17

Higher concentration of solutes than inside of the cell
Water flows out of cell
Cell shrinks and shrivels (crenation)

Answer 17

Hypertonic solution

Question 18

Lower solute concentration than inside of cell
Water flows into the cell
Can swells and can burst (lysing)

Answer 18

Hypotonic solution

Question 19

Red blood cell lysis (bursting)

Answer 19

Hemolysis

Question 20

Can substances that are too large to pass through the membrane move passivley?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Moves solute against the gradient
Uses solute pumps
1. Primary active transport
2. Second active transport

Answer 21

Active transport

Question 22

Carrier proteins that bind specifically and reversibly with substance being moved
Used in active transport

Answer 22

Solute pumps

Question 23

Hydrolysis of ATP occurs (phosphorylation), and energy is created directly from the process in pumps

Answer 23

Primary active transport

Question 24

Transport one substance into cell while transporting a different substance out of cell
Opposite directions

Answer 24

Antiporters

Question 25

Transport two different substances in the same direction

Answer 25

Symporters

Question 26

Depends on ion gradient that was created by primary active transport Energy stored in gradients is used to indirectly to drive transport of other solutes

Answer 26

Secondary active transport (cotransport)

Question 27

Transport of large particles, macromolecules, and fluids across membrane in membranous sacs called vesicles 4 types: Endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis, vesicular trafficking

Answer 27

Vesicular transport

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

Transport into cell

Question 29

Exocytosis

Answer 29

Transport out of cell

Question 30

Transcytosis

Answer 30

Transport into, across, and then out of cell

Question 31

Vesicular trafficking

Answer 31

Transport from one area of the cell to another

Question 32

Cell engulfs a large particle by forming projecting pseudopods around it and closing it with membranous sac

Answer 32

Phagocytosis

Question 33

Cell "gulps" a drop of extracellular fluid containing solutes into tiny vesicles Drop = small = pino

Answer 33

Pinocytosis

Question 34

Extracellular substances bind to specific **receptor** proteins, enabling the cell to ingest and concentrate specific substances (ligands) in protein coated vesicles

Answer 34

Receptor-mediated endocytosis