Visual Pathway, Smell, Taste, Ear Disorders

Question 1

Where medial optic nerve fibers from each eye cross over

Answer 1

Optic chiasma

Question 2

Where optic chiasma join with lateral optic nerve fibers and continue

Answer 2

Optic tracts

Question 3

Sensory information then passes through other structures until it reaches __________
A.k.a occipital lobes

Answer 3

Primary visual cortex

Question 4

Axons of retinal ganglion cells form ________
Exits eye

Answer 4

Optic nerve

Question 5

_______ optic tract carries representation of right half of visual field

Answer 5

Left

Question 6

_______ optic tract carries representation of left half of visual field

Answer 6

Right

Question 7

Visual cortex of brain fuses slightly different images, resulting in a three-dimensional image
Requires input from both eyes

Answer 7

Depth perception (3D)

Question 8

Type of vision that many animals have; Eyes are placed more laterally on head, so that the visual fields overlap very little
“Pano”

Answer 8

Panoramic vision

Question 9

Neural destruction beyond optic chiasma results in partial or loss of vision in opposite _________

Answer 9

Visual field

Question 10

Sense of smell

Answer 10

Olfaction

Question 11

Tasting something

Answer 11

Gustation

Question 12

Complementary senses that let us know whether a substance should be savored or avoided

Answer 12

Smell and taste

Question 13

Receptors used to smell and taste
Must be dissolved and picked up by receptors
Chemical stimuli

Answer 13

Chemoreceptors

Question 14

Receptors excited by chemicals dissolved in nasal fluids

Answer 14

Smell receptors

Question 15

Respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva
Receptors for taste

Answer 15

Taste receptors

Question 16

Process of smell
Pseudostratified epithelium
Located in roof of nasal cavity
Covers nasal conchae

Answer 16

Olfaction

Question 17

Neurons that are held in olfactory epithelium
Bipolar neurons with radiating olfactory cilia

Answer 17

Olfactory sensory neurons

Question 18

Surround and cushion olfactory receptor cells
Produce thin mucous that covers olfactory cilia that airborne chemicals dissolve in
Located around hair cells

Answer 18

Supporting cells

Question 19

Lie at base of epithelium

Answer 19

Olfactory stem cells

Question 20

Unmyelinated axons of olfactory sensory neurons gather to form filaments of this nerve

Axons protrude superiorly in openings of cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

Answer 20

Olfactory nerve

Question 21

Area of interaction between olfactory nerves and mitral cells

Answer 21

Glomeruli

Question 22

olfactory bulbs —— olfactory tract —– olfactory cortex

Answer 22

Impulse flow

Question 23

Distinctive smell

Answer 23

Odor

Question 24

Chemicals that make up odors

Answer 24

Oderants

Question 25

Some of what we smell is ______ Irritants damage receptors

Answer 25

Pain

Question 26

In order to smell something, it must be _______ In gaseous state, odorant must dissolve in olfactory epithelium fluid

Answer 26

Volatile

Question 27

People can't smell a certain odor after being exposed for a continuous amount of time

Answer 27

Olfactory adaptation

Question 28

Olfactory disorders; most result from head injuries, inflammation, neurological disorders

Answer 28

Anosmias

Question 29

Think you smell something but it is not present

Answer 29

Olfactory hallucinations

Question 30

Sensory organs for taste

Answer 30

Taste buds

Question 31

Peglike projections of tongue mucosa Where taste buds are

Answer 31

Papillae

Question 32

Gives tongue roughness to provide friction

Answer 32

Filiform papillae

Question 33

Mushroom papillae; house most taste buds At front of tongue

Answer 33

Fungiform papillae

Question 34

Form V-shaped row in back of tongue

Answer 34

Vallate papillae

Question 35

Located on lateral aspects of posterior tongue

Answer 35

Foliate papillae

Question 36

Type of epithelial cell in taste bud; taste receptor with microvilli that project into taste pores

Answer 36

Gustatory epithelial cells

Question 37

Type of epithelial cell in taste bud; Dynamic stem cells that divide every 7-10 days

Answer 37

Basal epithelial cells

Question 38

Sugars, saccharin, alcohol, some amino acids

Answer 38

Sweet

Question 39

Hydrogen ions in solution

Answer 39

Sour

Question 40

Metal ions (inorganic salts); sodium chloride tastes saltiest

Answer 40

Salty

Question 41

Alkaloids such as nicotine, caffeine, and aspirin

Answer 41

Bitter

Question 42

Amino acids glutamate and aspartate Beef or cheese Savory

Answer 42

Umami

Question 43

Food chemical

Answer 43

Tastant

Question 44

1. Dissolved in saliva 2. Diffuse into taste pore 3. Contact gustatory hairs

Answer 44

Requirements for taste

Question 45

Facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve

Answer 45

3 Cranial Nerves of Gustatory Pathway

Question 46

Are taste disorders more common than smell disorders?

Answer 46

No