Chapter 34 Flashcards
(34 cards)
The immune system normally discriminates between __________ antigens….
A.self and nonself
b. B and T cells
c. humoral and cell-mediated
d. primary and secondary response
T cells attack ….
a. host cells that have been parasitized by microorganisms.
b. transplanted tissue cells from one host to another.
c. cancer cells.
D. all of the choices
The humoral immune response defends against…
a. bacteria.
b. bacterial toxins.
c. viruses.
D. all of the choices
T cells produce and secrete factors which do not directly interact with invading microorganisms but which augment the body’s defense mechanisms. These molecules are called ….
a.antibodies.
B.cytokines.
c.immunogens.
d.augmetins.
(T/F) Most antigens are monovalent.
False
(T/F) Each antigen has one antigenic determinant site or epitope.
False
(T/F) Penicillin is a good example of a hapten.
True
Adaptive immunity refers to the type of specific immunity that ….
a. develops after exposure to antigen.
b. can result from transfer of antibodies from one individual to another.
c. can be induced by natural or artificial means.
D. all of the choices
The transfer of antibodies in breast milkis a good example of ….
A. naturally acquired passive immunity.
b. naturally acquired active immunity.
c. artificially acquired active immunity.
d. artificially acquired passive immunity.
A vaccination is a good example of….
a.naturally acquired passive immunity.
b.naturally acquired active immunity.
C.artificially acquired active immunity.
d.artificially acquired passive immunity.
Botulinum antitoxin produced in a horse and given to a human suffering from botulism food poisoning is an example of….
a.naturally acquired passive immunity.
b.naturally acquired active immunity.
c.artificially acquired active immunity.
D.artificially acquired passive immunity.
When an individual’s immune system comes into contact with an appropriate antigenic stimulus during the course of daily activities, this is called …
a. naturally acquired passive immunity.
B. naturally acquired active immunity.
c. artificially acquired active immunity.
d. artificially acquired passive immunity.
Antibodies can be produced….
a.in vivo by natural infections.
b.in vivo by immunizations.
c.in vitro using hybridomas.
D.all of the choices
Class I and II MHC molecules…
A. consists of a complex of two protein chains.
b. contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket.
c. consists of a complex of two protein chains and contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket.
d. neither consists of a complex of two protein chains nor contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket.
The major histocompatibility complex directs the production of proteins called…
a.class I.
b.class II.
c.class IV.
D.both class I and class II.
e.both class I and class IV.
Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on all of the following types of cells except …
A. T cells.
b. B cells.
c. macrophages.
d. dendritic cells.
Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on ____________ cells….
A. all nucleated
b. antigen-presenting
c. all anucleated
d. none of the choices
Which of the following mediates inflammation by producing certain specific cytokines?….
a. macrophages
B. TH1 cells
c. TH2 cells
d. cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of…
A. CD8.
b. CD4.
c. CD19.
d. all of the choices
Which type(s) of antigen-presenting cell can activate T cells?….
a. macrophages
b. B cells
c. dendritic cells
D. all of the choices
When a presented antigen fragment interacts with the T cell receptor of a helper T cell, the co-receptor that must also participate to finalize recognition is ….
A. CD4.
b. CD8.
c. MHC I.
d. all of these.
Superantigens cause ….
a. specific activation of phagocytic cells.
B. stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.
c. specific activation of phagocytic cells and stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.
d. none of the choices
Superantigens exert their damaging effects by….
a. forming harmful antibody aggregates.
B. causing the massive and non-specific release of cytokines by T cells.
c. killing large numbers of phagocytic cells.
d. all of the choices
Cytotoxic T cells destroy target cells by….
a.direct killing mediated by activated oxygen species.
b.the perforin pathway.
c.the CD95 pathway.
d.both direct killing mediated by activated oxygen species and the perforin pathway.
E.both the perforin pathway and the CD95 pathway.
