Chapter 5

Question 1

What are some common features of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Membrane bound nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
Cystoplasmic transport system
Complex structure

Question 2

What is the liquid portion of the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

cytosol

Question 3

What is composed of actin, intermediate, and microtubules?

Answer 3

Cytoskeleton

Question 4

What transports proteins, lipids, and other materials within the cell?

Answer 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 5

Where are proteins synthesized?

Answer 5

Ribosomes

Question 6

What packages and secretes materials for various purposes and forms lysosomes?

Answer 6

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Where does intracellular digestion take place?

Answer 7

Lysosome

Question 8

Where does rRNA synthesis take place?

Answer 8

Nucleolus

Question 9

What is a temporary storage system, food vacuole, and balances water?

Answer 9

Vacuole

Question 10

What does the eukaryotic cell envelope consist of?

Answer 10

plasma membrane and external coverings

Question 11

What does photosynthetic cell walls have for structure?

Answer 11

cellulose, pectin, and silica

Question 12

What do fungi cell walls consist of?

Answer 12

cellulose, chitin, or glucan

Question 13

What is a vast system of interconnected filaments?

Answer 13

cytoskeleton

Question 14

What are small protein filaments?

Answer 14

actin filaments

Question 15

What are actin filaments involved in the process of?

Answer 15

cell motion and shape changes

Question 16

What filaments have an unclear role?

Answer 16

Intermediate filaments

Question 17

What are the various roles of microtubules?

Answer 17

Help maintain shape
Involved with microfilemtns in cell movements
Participate in intracellular tranpsort processes

Question 18

What does the secretory endocytic pathway do with materials?

Answer 18

Move materials from outside, from inside to outside, and within the cell

Question 19

What organelles participate in the Secretory Endocytic Pathway?

Answer 19

ER
Golgi
Lysosomes

Question 20

Rough ER has what attached to it?

Answer 20

Ribosomes

Question 21

Smooth ER synthesizes what?

Answer 21

lipids

Question 22

What is the major site for cell membrane synthesis?

Answer 22

ER

Question 23

What is an organelle made of cisternae stacks?

Answer 23

Golgi Apparatus

Question 24

What means stacks of cisternae?

Answer 24

Dictyosomes

Question 25

What pathway moves materials to various sites within the cell, including to the plasma membrane or cell exterior?

Answer 25

The secretory pathway

Question 26

Where are proteins synthesized at that are destined for the cell membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes or secretion?

Answer 26

RER

Question 27

What targets proteins for their final destination?

Answer 27

Golgi

Question 28

After contents are released from the Golgi, where do they go?

Answer 28

the endosomes and lysosomes

Question 29

Proteins are either what or what whenever they're delivered?

Answer 29

either stored or given straight to the cell membrane

Question 30

What targets misfolded proteins proteins in the cytosol?

Answer 30

ubiquitin polypeptides

Question 31

What destroys misfolded proteins in the cytosol?

Answer 31

proteasomes

Question 32

What type of pathway is used to bring materials into the cell?

Answer 32

Endocytic Pathway

Question 33

What are the different types of endocytosis?

Answer 33

Phagocytosis Clathrin-Dependent Caveolin-Dependent

Question 34

What type of endocytosis uses cell surface protrusions to surround and engulf particles?

Answer 34

Phagocytosis

Question 35

What type of endocytosis uses clathrin protein coated pits that bind to macromolecules?

Answer 35

Clathrin dependent

Question 36

What type of endocytosis may play a role in signal transduction?

Answer 36

Caveolin Dependent

Question 37

How do endosomes develop into lysosomes?

Answer 37

early endosomes develop into late endosomes which fuse with lysosomes

Question 38

What fuses with early endosomes?

Answer 38

cavesomes

Question 39

What is autophagy?

Answer 39

delivery of materials to be digested that does not involve endocytosis

Question 40

What is the process of digesting and recycling of cytoplasmic components?

Answer 40

Macroautophagy

Question 41

What forms an autophagosome?

Answer 41

double membrane surrounding the cell component

Question 42

What does a autophagosome fuse with?

Answer 42

lysosome

Question 43

Once the lysosome is formed what happens?

Answer 43

digestion occurs and can be used as nutrients

Question 44

Once the nutrients are released what happens to the lysosome?

Answer 44

it is now a residual body which can release contents to the the exterior by lysosome secretion

Question 45

What is dense fibrous material and where is it located?

Answer 45

chromatin which is located in the nucleus

Question 46

What is chromatin made up of?

Answer 46

DNA, histones, and other proteins

Question 47

What are the five type of histones?

Answer 47

H1, H2A, H3, and H4

Question 48

What do chromatin condense to during division?

Answer 48

chromosomes

Question 49

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 49

double membrane structure that is continuous with the ER, penetrated by pores

Question 50

What do nuclear pores allow for?

Answer 50

for materials to be transported into or out of the cell

Question 51

Why are eukaryotic ribosomes 80S in size?

Answer 51

60S + 40S subunits

Question 52

What size ribosomes are attached to the ER?

Answer 52

60S

Question 53

What is the hypothesis that organelles have bacterial lineage?

Answer 53

Endosymbiotic Hypothesis

Question 54

Where is the TCA taking place at?

Answer 54

mitochondria

Question 55

Where is ATP generated?

Answer 55

mitochondria

Question 56

What cycles produce ATP?

Answer 56

ETC and Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 57

How do mitochondria reproduce?

Answer 57

binary fission

Question 58

What is the outer membrane of mitochondria?

Answer 58

Porin proteins

Question 59

What is the structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 59

high folded cristae where enzymes and the ETC and oxidative phosphorylation take place

Question 60

What does the inner membrane of the mitochondria enclose?

Answer 60

the matrix where ribosomes, mitochondrial DNA, and enzymes for the TCA are

Question 61

What are small energy conserving organelles in protists?

Answer 61

hydrogenosomes

Question 62

What are hydrogenosomes descended from?

Answer 62

mitochondria

Question 63

How is ATP generated in hydrogensomes?

Answer 63

fermentation; result in CO2, H2, and acetate

Question 64

Pigment containing organelle?

Answer 64

chloroplasts

Question 65

What is the site of photosynthetic reactions?

Answer 65

chloroplasts

Question 66

What is the structure of the chloroplast?

Answer 66

stroma within an inner membrane

Question 67

What does the inner membrane of the chloroplast contain?

Answer 67

DNA, ribosomes, lipid droplets, starch, and thylakoids

Question 68

What is a thylakoid?

Answer 68

flattened membrane discs where the grana is

Question 69

What does the grand do?

Answer 69

site for light reactions resulting in ATP, NADH, and oxygen

Question 70

What is the site for the dark reaction?

Answer 70

Stroma; carbs formed by water and CO2

Question 71

Algae chloroplasts may contain what?

Answer 71

pyrenoids

Question 72

What is a pyrenoid?

Answer 72

participates in polysaccharide synthesis

Question 73

What moves like oars?

Answer 73

cilia

Question 74

What moves in a undulating?

Answer 74

flagella

Question 75

What is the structure of flagella and cilia?

Answer 75

membrane bound cylinders Axoneme Basal Body

Question 76

What is an axoneme?

Answer 76

microtubules in a 9+2 arrangment

Question 77

Difference in eukaryotic cells compared to bacteria and archaea?

Answer 77

Nucleus Larger Meiosis and mitosis Complex processes

Question 78

How are the three domain similar?

Answer 78

biochemical processes and genetic code