Flashcards in Chapter 5-Skeletal System Deck (73)
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1
2 types of bone tissue
-compact(dense smooth bone)
-spongy(bone with open spaces within)
2
Components of Skeletal system
-cartilage
-bone
-tendons
-ligaments
3
functions of skeletal system
-protection
-support (rigid structure)
-movement (bones as levers)
-storage (ca, P, fat)
-blood cell protection
4
cartilage consists of
-cells
extracellular matrix
5
cells in cartilage
chondrocytes found in compartments called lacunae
6
extracellular matrix
-collagen/elastic fibers
-ground substance of chondrotin sulfates
7
types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
8
why does cartilage heal slowly?
no arteries, veins or lymphocytes
9
hyaline cartilage
-most common
-made up of chondrocytes, chondrotin sulfate, some collagen
10
location of hyaline cartilage
embryonic skeleton, articular surfaces, respiratory passages, nasal septum, between ribs and sternum
11
elastic cartilage
-flexible
-structure: chondrocytes, chondrotin sulfate, densely packed elastic fibers
-location: auricle, tip and lateral walls of nose, epiglottis
12
fibrocartilage
-very strong
-structure: chondrocytes, chondrotin sulfate, densely packed collagen fibers
-location: intervertebral disc, public symphysis, articular cartilage in knee
13
perichondrium
-fibrous connective tissue
-surrounds cartilage
-provides support and protection; new chondrocytes
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perichondrium location
hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage
15
absent form perichondrium
articular surfaces and fibrocartilage
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layers of perichondrium
-outer: binds cartilage to adjacent tissues; provides support and protection
-inner: for growth and maintenance
17
apposition growth
-starts in perichondrium
-mesenchymal cells at periphery form in inner layer of perichondrium
-mesenchyme move towards matrix to become chondrogenic cells
18
how are chondrocytes formed from apposition growth
-chondrogenic cells aggregate and become chondroblasts
-chondroblasts secrete matrix-force cells apart
-chondroblasts become enclosed in matrix and become chondrocytes
19
interstitial growth
-chondrocytes enclosed in matrix and divide
-as the move apart, matrix forms between them
-growth of cartilage from within
20
osseous tissue
-supportive CT
-contains specialized cells
-solid extracellular matrix
---osteoid (organic portion, protein fibers)
---ground substance (Ca salts)
---water
21
osteoprogenitor
-bone cell
-mesenchymal cells
-predecessor to osteroblasts
-play role in initial growth and fracture repair
22
osteoblasts
-derived from osteogenic cells
-secrete osteoid
-common in growing bone
-predecessor to osteocytes
-more osteoblasts=stronger bone
23
osteocytes
-mature cells
-exist within bone matrix
-maintain Ca and PO4 homeostasis
-found in spaces called lacunae
24
osteoclasts
-involved in osteolysis (bone break down)
-increase osteoclast activity=weaker bone
-very large
-formed from fusion of many white blood stem cells
25
bone matrix is composed of...
Inorganic material
-65%
-brittle salts
--mostly hydroxyapatite
Osteoid
-orgaic
-35%
-flexible fibers (collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans
26
2 types of bone
compact bone
-arranged in osteons
spongy bone
-arranged in trabeculae
27
compact bone osteocytes communicate how?
osteocytes
-osteocytes communicate through canaliculi that radiate outward and connect one cell to the next cell
28
osteons
a unit of compact bone
-concentric lamellae of matrix surrounding acentral canal
-contains blood vessels and nerves
29
how are osteons connected to each other
perforating canals
30
