Chapter 6 Flashcards by Gay Amor Tipolo Gacang

Macroscopic screening of urine specimens is used to

Increase cost-effectiveness of urinalysis

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Variations in the microscopic analysis of urine include all of the following except:

A. Preparation of the urine sediment
B. Amount of sediment analyzed
C. Method of reporting
D. Identification of formed elements

D. Identification of formed elements

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All of the following can cause false-negative microscopic results except:

A. Braking the centrifuge
B. Failing to mix the specimen
C. Dilute alkaline urine
D. Using midstream clean-catch specimens

D. Using midstream clean-catch specimens

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The two factors that determine relative centrifugal force are

Diameter of rotor head and rpm

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When using the glass slide and coverslip method, which of the following might be missed if the coverslip is overflowed

Casts

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Initial screening of the urine sediment is performed using an objective power of:

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Which of the following should be used to reduce
light intensity in bright-field microscopy?

Rheostat

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Which of the following are reported as number per LPF?

A. RBCs
B. WBCs
C. Crystals
D. Casts

D. Casts

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The Sternheimer-Malbin stain is added to urine sediments to do all of the following except:

A. Increase visibility of sediment constituents
B. Change the constituents refractive index
C. Decrease precipitation of crystals
D. Delineate constituent structures

C. Decrease precipitation of crystals

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Nuclear detail can be enhanced by:

A. Prussian blue
B. Toluidine blue
C. Acetic acid
D. Both B and C

D. Both B and C

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Which of the following lipids is/are stained by Sudan III?

A. Cholesterol
B. Neutral fats
C. Triglycerides
D. Both B and C

D. Both B and C

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Which of the following lipids is/are capable of polarizing light?

Cholesterol

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The purpose of the Hansel stain is to identify:

Eosinophils

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Crenated RBCs are seen in urine that is:

Hypersthenuric

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Differentiation among RBCs, yeast, and oil droplets may be accomplished by all of the following except:

A. Observation of budding in yeast cells
B. Increased refractility of oil droplets
C. Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid
D. Lysis of RBCs by acetic acid

C. Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid

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The finding of dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of:

Glomerular bleeding

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Leukocytes that stain pale blue with Sternheimer-Malbin stain and exhibit brownian movement are:

Glitter cells

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Mononuclear leukocytes are sometimes mistaken for:

Renal tubular cells

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When pyuria is detected in a sediment, the slide should be carefully checked for the presence of:

Bacteria

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Transitional epithelial cells are sloughed from the:

Bladder

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The largest cells in the urine sediment are

Squamous epithlial cells

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A clinically significant squamous epithelial cell is the:

Clue cell

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Forms of transitional epithelial cells include all of the following except:

A. Spherical
B. Caudate
C. Convoluted
D. Polyhedral

C. Convoluted

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Increased transitional cells are indicative of:

A. Catheterization
B. Malignancy
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

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A primary characteristic used to identify renal tubular epithelial cells is

Eccentrically located nucleus

Following an episode of hemoglobinuria, RTE cells may contain:

Hemosiderin granules

The predecessor of the oval fat body is the

Renal tubular cell

A structure believed to be an oval fat body produced a Maltese cross formation under polarized light but does not stain with Sudan III. The structure:

Contains cholesterol

The finding of yeast cells in the urine is commonly associated with:

Diabetes mellitus

The primary component of urinary mucus is:

Tamm-horsfall protein

The majority of casts are formed in the:

Distal convoluted tubules

Cylindroiduria refers to the presence of

All types of casts

A person submitting a urine specimen following a strenuous exercise routine can normally have all of the following in the sediment except: A. Hyaline casts B. Granular casts C. RBC casts D. WBC casts

D. WBC casts

Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following should be observed except: A. Free-floating RBCs B. Intact RBCs in the cast C. Presence of a cast matrix D. A positive reagent strip blood reaction

B. Intact RBCs in the cast

WBC casts are primarily associated with:

Pyelonephritis

The shape of the RTE cell associated with renal tubular epithelial casts is primarily:

Round

When observing RTE casts, the cells are primarily:

Attached to the surface of a matrix

The presence of fatty casts is associated with: A. Nephrotic syndrome B. Crush injuries C. Diabetes mellitus D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Nonpathogenic granular casts contain

Cellular lysosomes

All of the following are true about waxy casts except they: A. Represent extreme urine stasis B. May have a brittle consistency C. Require staining to be visualized D. Contain degenerated granules

C. Require staining to be visualized

The observation of broad casts represents: A. Destruction of tubular walls B. Dehydraton and high fever C. Formation in the collecting ducts D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

All of the following contribute to the formation of urinary crystals except: A. Protein concentration B. ph C. Solute concentration D. Temperature

A. Protein concentration

The most valuable initial aid for the identification of crystals in a urine specimen is: A. ph B. Solubility C. Staining D. Polarized microscopy

A. ph

Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the following except: A. Bilirubin B. Leucine C. Cystine D. Tyrosine

C. Cystine

All of the following crystals routinely polarize except: A. Uric acid B. Cholesterol C. Radiographic dye D. Cystine

D. Cystine

Differentiation between casts and fibers can usually be made using:

Polarized light

crystals seen in acidic urine with their description/identifying characteristics: envelopes

Calcium oxalate

crystals seen in acidic urine with their description/identifying characteristics: Yellow-brown, monhydrate whetstone

Uric acid

crystals seen in acidic urine with their description/identifying characteristics: . Pink sediment dihydrate

Amorphous urates

crystals seen in acidic urine with their description/identifying characteristics: Ovoid

Calcium oxalate

Match the following crystals seen in alkaline urine with their description/identifying characteristics: . “Coffin lids”

Triple phosphate

White precipitate

Amorphous phosphate

Thin prisms

Calcium phosphate

Thorny apple

Ammonium biurate

Dumbbell shape

Calcium carbonate

Bundles following refrigeration

Ampicillin

Bright yellow clumps

Bilirubin

Hexagonal plates

Cystine

Flat plates, high specific gravity

Radiographic dye striations

Concentric circles, radial

Leucine

Notched corners

Cholesterol

Fine needles seen in liver disease

Tyrosine

Indirect light is reflected off the object

Dark-field

Objects split light into two beams

Polarized

Low refractive index objects may be overlooked

Bright-field

Three-dimensional images

Interference

Forms halo of light around object

Phase

Detects specific wavelengths of light emitted from objects

Fluorescent