P2: Module 10

Question 1

Kinds of serous effusions

Answer 1

Pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, and peritoneal fluid

Question 2

Disorders producing peritoneal transudates

Answer 2

Congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome

Question 3

Diseases related to pleural exudate formation

Answer 3

Infections
Neoplasms
Noninfectious inflammatory disease involving pleura
Pulmonary infarct (may be associated with hemorrhagic effusion)

Question 4

Diseases under infections (related to pleural exudate formation)

Answer 4

Bacterial pneumonia
Tuberculosis, other granulomatous diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis)
Viral or mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 5

Diseases under neoplasms (related to pleural exudate formation)

Answer 5

Bronchogenic carcinoma
Metastatic carcinoma
Lymphoma
Mesothelioma (increased hyaluronate content of effusion fluid)

Question 6

Diseases under Noninfectious inflammatory disease involving pleura (related to pleural exudate formation)

Answer 6

Rheumatoid disease (low pleural fluid glucose in most cases)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (LE cells are occasionally present)

Question 7

Tests done in Gross Examination of effusions

Answer 7

Color, clarity, odor, and volume

Question 8

Microbiological tests done on effusions

Answer 8

Acid-fast stain, Grain stain, and culture

Question 9

Organs that are extrapleural sources of fluid

Answer 9

Pancreas, esophagus, and kidneys

Question 10

Immunological tests on serous effusions

Answer 10

Immunocytology test, tumor markers, VDRL, and other immunoassays like RIA, ELISA and PCR

Question 11

Methods of collection of peritoneal fluid

Answer 11

Paracentesis, peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal lavage, and peritoneal washings

Question 12

Normal cells in pleural fluid

Answer 12

Mesothelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, mast cells, basophils,

Question 13

Chemical tests for pericardial fluid

Answer 13

Protein, glucose, lipids, enzymes, pH, interferons, tumor markers, tuberculostearic acid, lactate, and adenosine deaminase

Question 14

Diseases under infections

Answer 14

Bacterial pneumonia
Tuberculosis, other granulomatous diseases
Viral or mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 15

Diseases under Neoplasms

Answer 15

Bronchogenic carcinoma
Metastatic carcinoma
Lymphoma
Mesothelioma (increased hyaluronate content of effusion fluid)

Question 16

Diseases under Noninfectious inflammatory disease involving pleura

Answer 16

Rheumatoid disease (low pleural fluid glucose in most cases)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (LE cells are occasionally present)