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Unit exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphocytosis; high protein; low glucose; cryotococcal antigen (+)

A

fungal meningitis

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2
Q

At what pH can the sediments be best preserved in the urine?

A

acidic

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3
Q

Lymphocytosis; high protein; low glucose <45mg/dl; pellicle formation (+)

A

tubucular meningitis

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4
Q

Which of the following sediment findings is NORMAL

A. Presence of waxy casts
B. Presence of tissue fragments
C. Presence of atypical mononuclears
D. Presence of few dysmorphic eryhtrocytes

A

Presence of atypical mononuclears

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5
Q

What color is NOT associated with a xanthochromic CSF?
A. Red
B. Yellow-green
C. Brown
D. Orange

A

brown

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6
Q

Sternheimer-Malbin is used in which of the following:

A

staining of urine sediments

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7
Q

Which normal epithelial cell is commonly interfering when doing urine sediment examination?

A

squamous

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8
Q

Which of the following is the unique characteristics of Calcium oxalate?

A

Small, colorless octahedral; rarely dumbbells, ovoid or long forms

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9
Q

. What do you call a hyaline cast with a tapering end?

A

cylindricoid

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10
Q

What is tested on the CSF whereby the color of CSF is compared to distilled water using a white
background after the sample is centrifuged

A

xantochromia

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11
Q

What disorder is the cause of xanthochromia?

A

subdural hemmorhage

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12
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about squamous epithelial cells
A. It originated from the distal 1/3 of the urethra
B. It originated from the PCT and DCT
C. It originated from the bleeding of glomerulus
D. It originated from the bladder of transitional carcinoma patients

A

It originated from the distal 1/3 of the urethra

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13
Q

Squamous epithelial cells are

A

C. large, flat cells with folded margins; abundant cytoplasm

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14
Q

What is the most important indication for CSF collection?

A

infectious meningitis

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15
Q

. Glomerular bleeding can be diagnosed by seeing under the microscope RBCs which vary in size, have
bizarre shapes or are fragmented that is termed
as___________RBCs

A

dysmorphic

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16
Q

Intact transitional epithelial cells are from

A

renal pelvis to the proximl 2/3 of urethra

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17
Q

. Fragmented urothelial cells are

A

from the bladder of transitional carcinoma patients

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18
Q

Which following is the unique characteristic of renal epithelial cells?
A. 14-60um; oblong to egg shape; granular cytoplasm
B. 40-200um; round to pear-shaped; binucleated
C. large, flat cells with folded margins; abundant cytoplasm
D. 7-9um; cuboidal or polygonal shaped; eccentric nucleus

A

A. 14-60um; oblong to egg shape; granular cytoplasm

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19
Q

Because formed elements tend to settle in urine, one should do which of the following before
starting routine urinalysis?

A

mix thoroughly the urine specimen

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20
Q

What renal disorder is characterized by detection of fat droplets, oval fat bodies and fatty acids?

A

nephrotic syndrome

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21
Q

Dysmorphic RBCs are from

A

bleeding of glomerulus

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22
Q

Which method of examining sediments in urine is best in identifying mucus, hyaline casts and
platelets?

A

phase contrast

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23
Q

. Which test is the most important in diagnosing multiple sclerosis?

A

protein test

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24
Q

What CNS disease is associated with F2-isoprostanes?

A

alzheimers disease

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25
. What might cause the urine to be smoky in appearance?
erythrocytes
26
Which specific protein is the most abundant in normal CSF?
albumin
27
7-9um; distorted cells of varied shapes; not nucleated
sysmorphic rbsc
28
Neutrophilia, markedly high protein; glucose <40mg/dl; high opening pressure
bacterial meningitis
29
What is the constant finding when urinary stones are present in the genitourinary tract?
hemoglobinuria
30
In urine sediment examination, which elements are reported per high power field?
rbc and wbc
31
Which of the following is NOT detected using the dipstick?
crystals
32
Which of the following is always present and reliable indicators of renal disease?
proteinuria and cylunduria
33
the procedure of wet urinalysis starts with the
sample identification
34
Clot formation will interfere with which of the following tests
differential count
35
Which crystal description is found in normal alkaline urine?
coffin lid crystals
36
The urine volume needed in sediment examination is at least 10-15 ml. The most common reason why it CANNOT be satisfied is when the patient
having anuria
37
Which CNS disorder is NOT characterized by eosinophilia?
bacterial meningitis
38
What is the most reliable method for differential cell counts in CSF?
cytocentrifuge
39
9. Four-sided, flat, yellow or red-brown; lemon-shaped or oval is the unique characteristic of?
uric acid cystal
40
Which aminoaciduria causes a caramelized odor in urine?
msud
41
1. What is the usual time and relative centrifugal force for centrifugation of urine specimens?
5 mins at 450 g
42
Which is TRUE regarding transitional epithelial cells (intact) A. 14-60um; oblong to egg shape; granular cytoplasm B. 40-200um; round to pear-shaped; binucleated C. large, flat cells with folded margins; abundant cytoplasm D. 7-9um; cuboidal or polygonal shaped; eccentric nucleus
D. 7-9um; cuboidal or polygonal shaped; eccentric nucleus
43
What substance in CSF is measured using turbidimetric method with trichloroacetic acid or SSA?
total protein
44
What substance in CSF is measured using turbidimetric method with trichloroacetic acid or SSA?
lymphocyte
45
. What WBC is the most abundant in a normal CSF in adult?
lymphocyte
46
Which of the following is NOT characterized by decreased CSF pressure?
obesity
47
When sediment structures have similar refractive index with the urine, they are best seen
using subdeud illumination
48
All cylindrical structures called casts have characteristic
parallel sides and rounded ends
49
. Which of the following cells originated from PCT and DCT?
renal epithelial cells
50
Which of the following will NOT cause turbidity in CSF?
high glocuse
51
Which of the following is the unique characteristics of Calcium carbonate?
colorless granules or speheres form pair of fours
52
1. Associated with HIV infect; spirochetal meningitis
syphilic meningitis
53
What is the presence of casts in urine called?
cyl nduria
54
Which substance CANNOT diffuse freely via blood-brain barrier
protein
55
Lymphocytosis; normal opening pressure, glucose and lactate; (+) RT-PCR testing is the characteristic of?
viral meningitis
56
The microscopic evaluation of this sediment structure in urine requires 10 low power fields
hyaline cast
57
Why should a CSF cell count be performed not after 30 minutes to 1 hour after collection?
the cell will lyse
58
Gram stain is beneficial in establishing which CNS disorder?
bacterial meningitis
59
Which variable is NOT related or important to urine sediment examination?
urine sg and osmo
60
. Urine sediments are also interchangeably termed
formed elements
61
Which CSF substance is 60% of the same substance in plasma?
glocuse
62
. Which of the following urine sediment examination findings is NOT normal?
0-2 renal cells/hpf
63
Which of the following is the unique characteristics of Ammonium biurate? A. Four-sided, flat, yellow or red-brown; lemon-shaped or oval B. Small, colorless octahedral; rarely dumbbells, ovoid or long forms C. Yellow-brown spheres with striations and hornlike projections D. Colorless granules or spheres; form pairs of fours
C. Yellow-brown spheres with striations and hornlike projections
64
Cells from the collecting ducts are
12-20um; cuboidal or polygonal shaped; eccentric nucleus
65
What is the principal WBC that is found in pyuria?
neutrophils
66
What is the reference range for CSF total protein?
15-45 mg/dl

AUBF (38 decks)

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