SEROUS FLUID ENUMERATION Flashcards
serous effusions
plueral, perocardial and peritoneal fluids
Organs that are extrapleural sources of fluid
pancreas, esophagus & kidneys
Disorders producing transudates
CHF, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
Immunological tests on serous effusions
ANA, RF, complement
Light’s criteria for an
exudate fluid/serum protein ratio >0.5; fluid/serum LD enzyme ratio > 0.6 & LD is 2/3 of the
upper limit of serum LD
Methods of collection of peritoneal fluid
paracentesis, peritoneal lavage, peritoneal washings, peritoneal dialysis
Tests done in Gross Examination
color, odor, clarity, volume, observation of clot
Normal cells in pleural fluid
PMN, lymphocytes, eosinophils
Microbiological tests
staining & culture of various biologic agents
Hallmarks of postpericardiotomy syndrome
fever, pleuritic chest pain, signs of pleural or pericardial inflammation
Requisites for Cast Formation
High salt conc,
increased acidity,
high protein conc,
stasis, and
stagnation of urine
Parameters Used in Cast Classification
Matrix, inclusion, pigments and cells
Contaminants in Urine Microscopy
Muscle fiber,
vegetable cells,
spermatozoa,
pollen grains,
cotton fibers,
wood fibers,
starch granules,
oil droplets,
spermatozoa,
fecal materials like eggs and detritus,
diaper materials
Stains used in Studying Urine Sediments
Pap stain,
Gram,
Giemsa,
Wrights,
Sternheimer-Malbin,
Safranin,
Crystal Violet,
Toluidine Blue,
Lactophenol cotton blue,
Hansel,
Oil Red O,
Sudan III,
Prussian blue
Methods of Examining Urine Sediment
Brightfield microscopy,
Darkfield microscopy,
PCM,
EM,
Polarizing microscopy,
Interference microscopy,
Cytodiagnostic method,
Quantitative and differential
counts,
Image cytometry & DNA analysis and
Flow cytometry (Automated Urinalysis)
